Environmental Issues for the Amazon and Murray River

Environmental Issues for the Amazon and Murray River Environmental Change Management  Rivers Rachel Cunningham All life on earth depends on water. Trees and plants need water to grow, and water helps shape the earth and its islands, continents and countries. About 71% of the earth is covered in water by oceans, rivers and lakes. Almost all river water comes from rain or melted snow. Rivers are large streams of water flowing downwards to the sea along channels they have cut. Some rivers flow into lakes and some join other rivers. A river ends when it flows into another river, ocean or lake. When a smaller river flows into a larger one, the smaller one is called a tributary. This is commonly referred to as the mouth. Commonly, rivers start (the start is known as headwaters) as small streams on high grounds, gradually increasing in volume. Rivers have played an important part in the development of civilisation. Rivers are one of the main ways in which rainwater returns to the sea in the water cycle. On their way to the sea, rivers help shape the land through erosion. A river is the main part of a river system, which also includes smaller streams that supply water to the river. The second largest river in the world is called the Amazon River, located in South America. The Amazon is 6,436 kilometres long, and carries more water than any other river in the world. The chief river of Australia, the Murray, flows 2,589 kilometres from the Snowy Mountains to the Great Australian Bight at the entrance to the Indian Ocean. It rises near Mount Kosciuszko in south-eastern New South Wales and flows north-westward to form the border between Victoria and New South Wales. Rivers can be influenced by human actions, sometimes with a positive result and sometimes with a negative result. In both the Murray and the Amazon, humans have cleared the land surrounding the river, constructed dams and weirs and created a hazardous environment for many animal species neighbouring this environment. Pollution is also a major cause for some of the environmental issues that these rivers face. Indigenous people in the Murray and Amazon regions have cared for and maintained the rivers over a long period of time. They have achieved this by taking from the river what it can sustain and by not polluting it excessively. The greatest river of South America, the Amazon, is the worlds largest river in water volume and the area of its drainage basin, together with its tributaries the river drains an area of 7,050,000 square kilometres—roughly one third of the continent. It empties into the Atlantic Ocean at a rate of about 220,000 cubic meters per second. The Amazon region is covered by dense tropical rainforest. This has one of the highest rates of rainfall in the world. Agriculture only has a potential on 2% of the floodplain, and the whole Amazon basin supports a population of only four million, of whom 75 000 are native Indians. The Murray River is the longest permanently flowing river in Australia. It is an important source for irrigation and industry. The Murray River system includes the Darling, Lachlan, and Murrumbidgee rivers, and it drains an area larger then that of France and Spain combined. The Murray rises in the Australian Alps near the eastern boundary between Victoria and New South Wales. It then crosses eastern South Australia and flows into Encounter Bay, south of Adelaide. The Murray River is 2,589 kilometres long. Along the Murray, wheat, sheep and cattle are a main source of income for farmers. However, this is becoming a problem because chemical run off from the crops pollute the river. In the Amazon, subsistence farming, practised since before the Portuguese settlers arrived in Brazil in the 16th century, remained the major money making activity until the 19th century. Indigenous groups such as the Yanomamo and Kayapo have been living in the Amazon for thousands of years. The first human settlements in the Amazon had populations’ approx 35,000 years ago. Since that time, Amazon people have developed lifestyles that are well incorporated with the benefits and restrictions of rainforests and the Amazon River. Normally, daily meals included wildlife found close to rivers, such as fish, turtles, capybara and crocodiles. Until recently, blowguns, arrows tipped with poison and spears were an everyday tool used to hunt down the wildlife for the daily meals. Unfortunately, these prehistoric weapons have been replaced with guns. The guns cause more damage to the river because they are more accurate, and they kill quicker. Hunter-gatherer groups were once generally nomadic, living in small temporary settlements for 4-5 years until all natural resources had diminished. Due to land colonisation by non-indigenous people, many local (indigenous) groups were forced into inactive lifestyles causing them to become peasants. This started to degrade the river bec ause they weren’t using it in a traditional way. Such changes not only destroyed traditional lifestyles but also caused the local peopleto lose control over their territory and for the river to lose many of its traditional protections. Whilst the new settlers treated the river without concern for its well being. There are many environmental issues along the Murray. Many of these problems are caused by drought. Some of the problems are so serious that despite two years of rain (2000 – 2002), areas of the river are yet to recover. The Murray mouth closed in 2002, only the second time recorded in history. This was because of the lack of water in the basin. In April 2009 in the Lower Lakes region, 20,000 hectares of acid sulphate soils were exposed and fresh water levels fell dramatically, to more than one metre below sea level. Ecosystems were also affected by this, because of the increase in salinity and exposure of acid sulphate. It also threatened the water supplies for people and livestock. Low water levels also caused some sections of the riverbank to dry out, crack, and eventually give way. There were more than 160 incidents of river bank collapse along the Murray. Many turtles were affected by the rising salt table, and became sick, and finally died.[1] The salinity problem in the Murray serves as a predicament for all Australians. Salinity is an issue when an excessive quantity of salt in the water and soil causes problems with the use of water and land. Due to land logging, land reproduction and land colonisation, the salt table of the Murray is rising. Water stored in the dams and weirs is mainly used for irrigation, causing the salination problem. Some salt flows naturally into the Murray – Darling, but irrigation, land clearing, dams and weirs have all forced increased amounts of salt up from deep underground. Unfortunately, most of this salt eventually ends up in the rivers which increases the river’s salt content. Every year, three million tonnes of salt flow down the Murray River. Another issue that the Murray faces is stagnentation. Parts of the river, especially the lower Murray, are now more like a series of still lakes rather than a flowing river, resulting in some significant changes. The water is cloudier and contains less oxygen, encouraging the growth of algae and making it difficult for some fish species to survive. The Sand and silt are slowly building up on the river beds behind the dams. Because of the build-up of sand and silt, the fish cannot move from one part of the river to another or from oceans to lakes. This disturbs the food chain by creating over population of some species and lack of others. The major environmental issue for the Amazon River is deforestation, in the greater Amazon basin. The main sources of deforestation in the Amazon rainforest are human settlement and development of the land. In nine years from 1991 – 2000, the total area of Amazon rainforest cleared rose from 415,000 to 587,000 square kilometres. Most of this lost forest has been replaced with pastures for cattle. Because of this, the salt table has risen dramatically. Deforestation of the Amazon rainforest can be recognised by many different factors. The rainforest is mainly seen as a resource for cattle pasture, hardwoods, housing space, farming space, roads and medicines. The deforestation rate in the Amazon region increased from 1990 to 2003 by 70%. As a result of deforestation, the river effectively dies. The tree roots are no longer present to hold the bank in, therefore the rivers walls collapse. As a consequence of this, the silt builds up. This causes the river to flow slower. Since approximately 2005, inhabitants along the Amazon have become aware of the need to conserve the river. This has led to conversation with governments regarding management of the river. Before Europeans arrived, the land surrounding the Murray was occupied by Australian aborigines. The Murray River has been home to the Aboriginal people for thousands of years. This river was commonly known to the indigenous as Milewa or Tongala. The land surrounding, and the river have always been imperative to the indigenous. Near the river, there were once many swamps and billabongs. These were flooded each spring when the melting of the winter snow in the spring, flowed into the Murray. Indigenous people caught much of their food using nets and dams. The nets were for catching fish, animals and birds. They made them from fibres of rushes that grew beside the creeks. The rushes were chewed and then twisted by rubbing them on the thigh. Aborigines also caught fish by making dams across the narrow creeks. First they pushed the stakes into the creek bed. Then they wove branches through the row of stakes. At flood time the fish swam into the shallow creeks and billabongs. As the flood waters went down, thousands (not the 10’s of 1000’s like the fisherman of today) of fish were trapped behind the dams. Women gathered all the plant food. They dug for bulrush roots and rushes and collected pigface berries. The indigenous also ate bulrush roots with every mean, just as white people ate bread. In the river the women caught crayfish and yabbies and spent much of their time diving for mussels. They carried the food back to the camp in net bags and baskets. The riv er itself can replenish itself after this sort of gathering. However, the river cannot replenish itself after a bulldozer digs out plants by their roots. Fish and shellfish were the main food of the indigenous people. Men did the hunting with spears or nets as well as dams. Flocks of ducks, pelicans, black swans and other water birds trapped in the nets that they strung across the creeks. They made stronger nets and staked them out between trees. These were catching emus and kangaroos. The cords of these nets were as thick as your finger. To hide from animals they hinted, men made screens of branches woven with grass. They would creep up on the emus and kangaroos until they were close enough to speak to them. The men also made rods to snare waterbirds. For camouflage they put braches through the reeds. They snared them around the neck one by one. The current environmental issues that the Murray and the Amazon face are primarily caused by modern man. Some of the issues that the Murray faces include rising salt table, water pollution and decreased water flow. The Amazon also faces a major concern deforestation. These environmental factors have only surfaced since the areas have developed. Indigenous people were conservative and only took from the land what it could sustain. We can learn from these traditions and ensure that rivers remain a sustainable environment in the future. Bibliography: Encyclopaedia Deforestation of the Amazon Rainforest, {Online accessed 13 February 2014} URL:http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deforestation_of_the_Amazon_Rainforest Impacts of Deforestation on the Amazon, {Online accessed 26 February 2014} URL:http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/en/news-andblogs/news/impacts-of-deforestation-on-the-Amazon The Achuar of Peru, {Online accessed 13 February 2014} URL:http://www.amazonwatch.org/work/achuar Murray River Aboriginals {Online accessed 26 February 2014} URL:http://www.murrayriver.com.au/about-the-murray/indigenous-culture/ [1] URL:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues_of_the_Murray_River

The Life of a Cowboy

My grandfather's life as a cowboy was very interesting. Most of what I know about my grandfather was told to me long after his days as a cowboy. As a young boy, at the age of five years old, this was very fascinating to me. He lived his life as a rowdy, kindhearted cowboy who was an excellent story teller. First of all, my grandfather loved to be the center of attention. He loved making people laugh. At times, he would get carried away and the wild, rowdy, cowboy side of him would surface.One of his favorite things to do was to imitate riding a horse by sing a broom or board or whatever else he could find to pick up and use as a horse. He would then gallop around everyone by going In circles, with one hand waving in the air, and yelling, â€Å"Yahoo', â€Å"yippee†, â€Å"yahoo' Although my grandfather had his rowdy side, he was also a very kind hearted soul. He would always be the person that would run and rescue his fellow cowboys whenever they had an injury or if they wer e Injured. He would also respond the same way towards the cattle.He enjoyed being the person to deliver the baby calves. He enjoyed cooking for the men and doing the branding of the cows. Most of all, I loved the stories my grandfather told me about his many adventures as a cowboy. One that stands out the most In my mind was when they drove five hundred head of cattle through the severe winter cold of the rocky mountains of Colorado. There were six cows who had succumbed to the freezing weather. All were baby calves accept for the one mother cow. Several of the men folk fell Ill during this journey.Along the way one of the men was lost due to the harsh conditions and poor weather. This trip was to get the cattle away from the cold and Into the lower plains of Colorado. The trip was a total of fifty five days. Now that my grandfather Is gone, I think of him often and remember all his wonderful WAP. I miss him dearly. He was a very special grandfather to me. Knowing the cowboy that he was gives me that special feeling towards him. He was so full of life, laughter, the life of the party type of person, a very kind and gentle man that would help anyone.By creepy He would then gallop around everyone by going in circles, with one hand waving in he air, and yelling, IMHO†, â€Å"yippee†, â€Å"yahoo' whenever they had an injury or if they were injured. He would also respond the same a cowboy. One that stands out the most in my mind was when they drove five baby calves accept for the one mother cow. Several of the men folk fell ill during this weather. This trip was to get the cattle away from the cold and into the lower plains Now that my grandfather is gone, I think of him often and remember all his wonderful ways. I miss him dearly. He was a very special grandfather to me. Knowing

The Economic Impact of Globalization on Turkey - 6413 Words

Introduction Globalization has affected the world in many different ways, including cultural exchange, language development, and information diffusion, along with worldwide economic and financial growth. Here we wish to analyse the costs and benefits of globalisation to the Republic of Turkey. More specifically, we will look at the economic and business impacts globalisation has made on Turkey and its current position with regard to the world economy. Current Economic Situation Today’s economic outlook for Turkey is deteriorating. GDP growth has been revised to 3.6% for 2008 (against 4.3% previously) and to 3.0% for 2009 (previously 4.0%). Turkey’s unemployment rate rose to 9.4%. The slowdown in growth in 2007 (GDP growth of 4.5%)†¦show more content†¦Therefore, there was not comparable increase in their exports. On the contrary, the rise of montage industries which used imported components to assemble the products primarily (i.e. electronic goods, motor vehicles, consumer durables, etc) meant that industrial growth required ever more imports. Paradoxically, the attempts at import substitution to decrease its trade balance deficit tended to aggravate it. This strategy also caused other problems: the capital-intensive nature of many industrial investments, especially those in the intermediate goods sector, caused employment in industry to grow relatively more slowly, which lead to structural unemployment. Moreover, dependence on imported petroleum to develop its industry made the country highly vulnerable to increases in oil prices. These are the threats for the country to achieve sustainable economic growth. Late 1970s and early 1980s: Economic Reform In the late 1970s, the industrial sector of Turkey had reached a turning point. In the short run, it needed to decrease the trade balance deficit. It was facing shortages of energy, imported machinery parts, and processing materials. These had caused a decline in industrial output during the last few years of the decade. In the longer run, to become more efficient and to be able to have more exports, the industrial structure had to be adjusted in accordance with the countrys comparative advantages. In effect, industry would have to transfer resources out ofShow MoreRelatedThe Economic Impact of Globalization on Turkey6421 Words   |  26 PagesIntroduction Globalization has affected the world in many different ways, including cultural exchange, language development, and information diffusion, along with worldwide economic and financial growth. Here we wish to analyse the costs and benefits of globalisation to the Republic of Turkey. 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In short, societies show different ways to meet the secularizing trends. Accordingly, the impact of modern Western the cultures on Islamic societies have created an interesting debate the compatibility of secularization with Islamic values. Modern Turkey occupies a unique position in the relationshipRead MoreIn Tomas Barnett’s â€Å"The Pentagon’s New Map: It explains why we’re going to war and why we’ll keep1200 Words   |  5 Pagesregarding the relationship between globalization and future U.S. military engagements. The author contends that the future strategic framework of United States military operations will be heavily focused on nations that have not integrated the principles of globalization and continue to foster socio-economic instability, lack of security, and failed political structure. Barnett categorizes countries and regions in two specific categories in relation to globalization: functioning core and non-integrating

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Ben Franklin Research Paper - 1498 Words

This report is about one of the most recognized and influential figures in all of American history. He has discovered technologies, spread around unique ideas, and taken place in many historical political events. He was the leader of a unique group called the philosophes. He was one of the few men that could not only read, but could write at the same time as these abilities were not emphasized at this point and time like they are today. Many of the most significant events in American history could not have been possible without the help or involvement of this man. This report is being written about one of the men responsible for America’s success today. His name is Benjamin Franklin. This report will explain a lot of the significant events†¦show more content†¦Something else that he led was a big scientific community in America. Through that, he educated many other people which led to them creating inventions of their own. (Schoenherr) This American Enlightenment was assisted by the increase in higher education as there were more schools being built throughout the north. Even though his words would have been more influential and helpful in later society, the society that he lived in were just not well educated enough to understand the writing of the philosophes. As mentioned earlier, he was an important political figure too. This was because of the growing popularity of his work and achievements. He was seen as a very intelligent man which led to him being appointed to the Albany Congress as a Pennsylvania delegate. He was one person who disagreed with the separation of the colonies and asked for the union of them which was agreed upon by the other delegates but later rejected by the Britain government. He was one of the many people who opposed the Stamp Act. He protested it but saw no progress in the fight against it that the colonists have started so he later requested the obedience of the Stamp Act to the colonists. This lost him a little sup port but it is what he thought was right. He would spend time in England throughout this crisis but would return to America ultimately to help fight for its independence. He would be appointed as the postmaster general in the ContinentalShow MoreRelatedCriticism of Fordes Claim on Benjamin Franklins Autobiography1629 Words   |  7 Pagestopics; 1) Wealth and Virtue, 2) Virtue of reasonableness, 3) the art of sociability. This essay will look into the succinct analysis of the first part of the autobiography using various sources from Benjamin Franklin to substantiate criticisms and arguments against Fordes claims. The paper will specifically center on the Benjamins Franklins wealth as an individual, and its connection with virtue. 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Marketing plan description Free Essays

What major demographic developments and trends pose opportunities or threats to firms doing business in this product category? Cutter Automotive can expect the following demographic changes to affect them (Ferron J) Reduction in number of customers who buy on impulse The customer base is decreasingly responsive to novelty , change and variety The customer of the present generation is looking for quality , durability and appropriateness There is an increased trade off between time and convenience to get a good buy. The customer base is looking for the best bargain and is not loyal like the earlier generations There is noticed increased loyalty to brands but not over all the products of that brand. The generation of today is spending more time and money at home There is noticed an increased focus on purchases with the future in mind. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing plan description or any similar topic only for you Order Now The customer is also information savvy and can be expected to know the in and out of the products and offers. The above list of changes can be an opportunity or a threat to the firm depending on the decisions that it implements. The firm can tailor its future business plan to take into account the changing mindset of the customer and make the shift in demographics an opportunity not a threat. The customer of the future is looking for the best bargain and is working more often than not on a budget.    The families of tomorrow are also 2 or more car families and if the dealership can convert sale into loyalty, the benefits could accrue in the form of future business. Due to the advent of the information age, the dealer can no longer rely on smooth talking sales personnel but on delivery of facts and offers. The dealership also needs to keep in mind the increase in online booking especially since the cars are mass made. What broad cultural or sub cultural patterns affect the public’s attitude towards the firms and/or products of the firms doing business in this product category? There exists a general perception amongst the public that car dealerships can be equated to words like â€Å"fleecing†. There also exists a perception like the dealership sells old cars made to look like new, over charges for accessories, the discounts advertised are not really discounts; customer is leeched if not careful. In a study conducted by HarrisInteractive for a project entitled Automotive Retailing today in 2004 , it was found that negative perceptions about what it is like to buy a car from a dealership is very different from actual experiences . These are sentiments handed down from generation to generation or person to person. A sample few may have had a bad experience or the dealership attitude may have been in the projected negative mould, and this has established itself as the image associated with a car dealership. This perhaps stems from the time when manufacturers were few , the car dealer was the all knowing and important person in control of sales , there was a monopoly of sorts and the product was an expensive investment. This situation may have given rise to the advice â€Å" Be careful while buying a car from the dealership , they will try to fleece you†. The study also found that people did not trust car dealerships in general but trusted â€Å"their† dealership, people held the perception that buying a car from the dealer is always a bad experience but personally never had one , women are not treated as well as men in an auto dealership. Cited Ferron ,   J., an How to cite Marketing plan description, Essays

Effect of Authentic Leadership on Employee †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Effect of Authentic Leadership on Employee. Answer: Introduction The report is prepared to analyze the different concepts of leadership in business and how it is related to the strategic marketing and corporate social responsibilities. The topic is prepared with focus on the Zander and Zander principles on the art of possibility. It is based on how to transform the personal and professional lives of people and create a better place for them to live in. The business organization that will be considered here, as the case study is Rolex in Canada. The leadership in business can influence the strategic management process by determining the vision and mission of the organization and at the same time implement effective strategies for the success of business (Goleman, 2017). The main purpose of preparing this report will be to check the role of leadership in the formulation and implementation of strategies, furthermore evaluate the efficiency of the business processes and identifying the drawbacks too. Leaders play major roles in strategic management an d can break the hierarchy of the organization to formulate the vision and clarify the strategies that shall be implemented. Leadership will also affect the culture of the organization, ensure better management of values and ethics and increase the morale of employees, furthermore enhance the learning procedures at Rolex. This can not only facilitate innovation and creativity within the organization, but will also make leaders encourage the organizational members to perform effectively and become socially responsible too (rolex.com, 2018). Strategic Marketing is an effective concept of marketing where leadership plays a vital role in differentiating itself from the competitors in business through capitalization of the company strengths. It would include both present and potential strengths that the company do possesses to provide better value to its customers than the competitors in the market. Rolex, Canada is one of the major luxury watchmakers that manufactures, distributes and sells service wristwatches under the brands of Tudor and Rolex. The company is known for its watches delivered that have exceptional qualities in terms of performance and reliability to fulfill the needs and requirements of the customers. Rolex delivers the best quality luxury watches, but it is also important to note that the prices of the products are quite high that only the luxury segment customers are capable of purchasing (Y?ld?z, Ba?trk Boz, 2014). The present GenY customers are more accustomed with the use of cell phones, where they can check the time and so they prefer checking time on their mobile phones rather than the luxury watches. The companys marketing activities include use of social media and managing an online website to promote and spread messages and information about the products for the customers. It is an effective way to attract the new customers and retain the existing ones, so that they could be informed about the value of watches and make purchases later in their lives. To analyze the marketing scenario, the situational analysis was done to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The strengths of Rolex include string band image and identity, global brand awareness, extremely good quality products and luxury, which could be the aspiration of many customers (Aziz, Mahmood Abdullah, 2013). The weaknesses could be the high costs, due to which customers could switch on to some other brands, preference of time checking on mobile phones rather than the watches for the young generation customers and lack of individuality in certain cases. Still, there are multiple opportunities ac hieved through the development of social media campaigns and online website along with designing and production of limited edition watches that are both reliable in terms of quality and longevity. The threats that might be faced were recession in the market, high competition, cell phones usage and low-end watches were not much effective as the high priced products, which could reduce the sales revenue for Rolex (Heath et al., 2013). Leadership in business is an important aspect that can evaluate the systems and strategies at various levels of work and change the culture accordingly to improve the strategic management process. This will also provide a proper vision, think and plan strategically, furthermore administer the operational activities with ease and effectiveness. The leadership concept will also direct the subordinates to carry out their tasks properly and at the same time, keep them motivated and encouraged to work as an unit, in coordination, considering the mission and vision of Rolex, Canada. The leadership skills could allow for setting goals and objectives, design the strategies, execute those and finally measure the performances to ensure steady progress and successful outcomes in business. Based on the various aspects of marketing, the leaders could also determine the feasibility of strategies before implementing and position the products and services properly in the market too (Y?ld?r?m Birinc i, 2013). This would also make the company remain competitive globally as well as achieve heights of success quite effectively. With the formulation of marketing strategies, the leaders should also be involved in considering the perfect time when these strategies could be implemented and make sure to improve the business performance. Rolex manages the changing lifestyle and purchasing behaviors of the customers along with increased disposable income and purchasing power through the right marketing strategies. The company aims to provide more value for money products to keep the customers happy and make them purchase the products and services consistently. The luxury goods industry have been growing quite fast and in a developing nation like Canada, it would be beneficial for conducting the market analysis and ensure implementing the right marketing strategies to sustain in the future (Lindgren Abdullah, 2013). There is a huge gap between the strategic marketing objectives that are presently implemented and that will be required in the preferred future. It is important for the leaders to manage proper level of motivation and encouragement of the employees to ensure that the strategies are properly implemented to obtain positive business outcomes with ease. The major gap between the current and future state could be the pricing problems, due to which the company still might face difficulties in attracting customers from every market segments of Canada. The prices of products are quite high, because of which, those are targeted to the luxury segments of customers and the normal market segment customers face difficulty in purchasing those sometimes (Crossan et al., 2013). Thus, leaders should encompass using various pricing strategies to keep the products under budget and ensure that the customers could easily purchase those. By setting the right prices, it would be easy to overcome this gap between the current and preferred state in the future and ensure successful accessibility by the customers. Previously, Rolex was more focused on satisfying the customers from the luxury market segments and now even the strategies are implemented to target the luxury customers and did not follow much appreciable sustainable or socially responsible methods to benefit the society. The company preferred to co ntribute largely to the society in the future not only to create a positive mindset among the customers but also to enhance the efficiency of sustainability measures implemented to bring changes and improvements (Parris Peachey 2013). Leadership impact on the strategic management The proper leadership skills present within the leader could help him to provide direction to the employees about their performance as well as make them set certain plans to accomplish the business goals and objectives with ease. The leaders associated with the organization could provide an accurate vision as well as set plans and measure the functions undertaken that should suit the organizational needs. This would further assist in distributing the strategies at various levels accurately to boost the performances of the employees and lift their morale to perform to their potential. The leader would not only motivate and encourage the staffs but also could also change the ways the staffs think about the tasks, furthermore identify the strategy gaps just it had been seen then (Klettner, Clarke Boersma, 2014). A positive culture would be created that could integrate both the strategic and operational activities and at the same time, which could make the formulation and implementation of strategies successful and noteworthy. The leaders would introduce an environment where changes should be evitable and then the vision and organizational strategy might be developed to focus on setting the right prices so that every customer segments could access the products and services and even get value for money items, thereby resulting in loyal customers. Thus, the leadership in business could identify gaps between the current and preferred state of business in the future. Then the products should be marketed through the proper implementation of strategies for deriving the best outcomes that had been expected (Chang, Chen Chiou, 2015). Transformational Servant leadership The financial business performance is often related to the strategic management at Rolex and due to the changes in demographics, social, political and economic factors, the business performance deteriorates. Leadership is important to keep the workforce motivated and encouraged to bring long-term benefits. The leadership skills present among the leader could help him to enable strategic alignment through transformation servant leadership. The transformational servant leadership could also influence the financial performance as well as management business functions properly to achieve the desired results and overcome the gaps experienced with convenience (Avolio Yammarino, 2013). The transformational servant leadership should be responsible for produce change and movement, furthermore communicate the goals and objectives to the employees properly and influence them for accomplishing the purpose. The service and transformational leadership styles are considered as people oriented styl es of leadership that can focus o the well being of the workers and increase the level of interest among the followers to work harder and committed (Wang Hsieh, 2013). At Rolex, the transformational servant leadership should provide a certain level of freedom to the employees and make them engaged to support the organizational behavior. The servant leaders would obtain the ideas and opinions of every employee and then make a proper decision without any bias (rolex.com, 2018). There are certain differences though between the transformation and servant leaders. The transformational leader manages idealized influence and motivates the employees to keep them inspired and focused on their individual tasks. On the other hand, the servant leaders could go beyond ones self interest and enhance the level of autonomy and power, which could ensure sharing of messages and information along with facilitating the strong interpersonal relationships. The transformational servant leadership and strategic management are not interrelated with each other, but it has definitely created an impact on the formulation and management of strategies (Demirtas Akdogan, 2015). The alignment of employees towards the organizational goals and objectives produces synergy and provides employees with a proper direction, which can also facilitate the strategic management. This would not only help in engaging with the task and organizational behaviors properly, but would also reduce the chan ces of conflicts and misunderstandings with much ease and effectiveness. The transformation servant leaders at Rolex could align the interests of the employees and reduce the conflicts furthermore to ensure proper management and utilization of resources too. The leaders who would not be concerned with the safety and well being of workers and disregarded the interests of the employees, then they would likely get less motivated and this might result in lack of communication too (Bolman Deal, 2017). Values Based Leadership The value-based leadership has influenced the formation of a good culture within the organization where people can work in coordination and as a unit to accomplish the business objectives efficiently. The success of the organization is dependent on the value-based leadership, which can allow for using the values and beliefs as a motivating factor to enhance the business processes efficiency. The value-based leaders could promote self-awareness among the employees and define the core values, based on which, a strong culture should be created (Peregrym Wollf, 2013). The value-based leaders could also be responsible for making the organization transparent about the value system and establish a sense of trust, loyalty and confidence among the workers to achieve higher level of client satisfaction and increased financial value as well. It should also be a good approach undertaken by the value-based leaders to unite the employees and achieve a common purpose to maintain proper philosophy of business functioning (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). The leadership competencies mean the leadership skills and abilities possessed by the leaders to contribute to the enhanced business operations efficiency. By focusing on the leadership competencies, it would be easy to develop and enhance skills, furthermore promote better decision-making abilities and problem solving capabilities too. At Rolex, the individuals holding the leadership positions must hold skills to supervise the employees with proper management experience and should provide conflict resolution strategies to improve the business performance (Wheelen et al., 2017). The leaders must be able to motivate and guide the employees in the right direction and even delegate tasks properly to the concerned employees based on their skills and strengths to ensure better performance management and lesser numbers of risks experienced. He must be knowledgeable enough to build teams and possess enough expertise in interviewing the line managers, team leaders responsibility and check fo r improvements that could be associated with the strategic management at Rolex, Canada. As it could be seem from the above section that there were certain gaps such as inability to attract every market segments due to the inappropriate pricing decisions and strategies implemented along with lack of sustainable measures undertaken, which prevented the company to become socially responsible as well. This would not only make the leader guide own self but would also allow to lead others by establish good communication between the employees and valuing the diversity and team working too (Morschett, Schramm-Klein Zentes, 2015). Corporate Social Responsibility Leadership has influenced the organization to become socially responsible to make the company contribute to the community as well as to the people living there. The corporate social responsibility could be developed through the transformational servant leadership at Rolex. There is significant increase in public awareness about the internal operations to manage corporate social responsibility and addressing the issues that may hamper the brand image. Rolex, being a reputed and established organization should maintain proper values and ethics and it should be possible with the management of proper leadership through servant leadership aspect (Hahn, 2013). There are various ways to achieve the standards that the organization expects, though sometimes the financial goals and objectives have been aligned with the corporate social responsibility whereas others have undertaken sustainable measures to create a sustainable environment. Rolex should overcome the barriers faced in business so as to create some fundamental changes considering the leadership philosophies and long term benefits in business. The economies in the marketplace are developing at a faster rate, which has placed increased importance on the potential harms that may be caused on the individuals, environment as well as on the communities and nations (Alkhafaji Nelson, 2013). It is important to become socially responsible for reducing the potential harms and increase the growth in economy of the country too. The transformational servant leader could inform the employees about what should be done to manage the goals and values, furthermore ensure maintaining a balance between the fulfillment of stakeholders needs and maximization of profit. To become socially responsible, it would be important for the leaders of Rolex to maintain proper business ethics as well as ensure legal compliance by making investments on the community and keeping the environment secure through the maintenance of environment friendly approaches. Sustainability means fulfilling the needs and requirements of the present generation without compromising on the needs and requirements of the future generations. Until now, Rolex has helped changing the world in a variety of ways such as preserving the cultural heritage of many places and even investments done for providing health care services to many poor people all around the world (Choudhary, Akhtar Zaheer, 2013). It has also assisted in the inventions made by an individual named Bah Abba. With the help of the watches, he managed to distribute more than 100000 pots that provide refrigerating benefits all across the sub Saharan Africa. Vultures were experiencing phases of extinction previously due to popular targets for hunters. Michael Terrasse, a Rolex Laureate managed to protect these birds through the applications of various laws in Europe and this resulted in more than 20,000 breeding pairs of vultures at present in the continent. At present, the increase in activism and augmentation of the consumers to take actions against the companies have created greater pressure on the watch companies to become more transparent and less harmful to the society (Van Dierendonck et al., 2014). Other than the establishment of a strong culture, setting proper pricing strategies and strategic management, leadership aspects should also be liable for managing corporate social responsibility measure properly to create lesser harmful impact on the environment and achieve sustainable competitive advantage in business too (Liden et al., 2014). Conclusion The report was focused on the leadership concept from the business perspective considering the business organization Rolex in Canada. Rolex had been a reputed organization with a strong brand name and image that focused on providing luxury watches for the customers. The company presently had been doing so and aimed to attract every market segments, both luxury and the regular customer segments in the preferred future. The company also wanted to follow sustainable approaches to create a better impact on the community and create lesser harmful impact on the environment, furthermore become socially responsible and accomplish the business aims and objectives with ease. The present marketing state of Rolex stated the ways managed by the company to distribute its product and services in the market, but only the luxury customer segments were interested in the products while the regular customers found it difficult to purchase due to the higher prices. Thus, it could be important to align th e strategies with the organizational goals properly and that should be possible with the evolvement of transformational servant leadership at Rolex, Canada. The leadership competencies and skills possessed include ability to supervise, manage coordination and communication among the employees, ensuring proper teamwork and coordination and achieve sustainability. 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