Ben Franklin Research Paper - 1498 Words

This report is about one of the most recognized and influential figures in all of American history. He has discovered technologies, spread around unique ideas, and taken place in many historical political events. He was the leader of a unique group called the philosophes. He was one of the few men that could not only read, but could write at the same time as these abilities were not emphasized at this point and time like they are today. Many of the most significant events in American history could not have been possible without the help or involvement of this man. This report is being written about one of the men responsible for America’s success today. His name is Benjamin Franklin. This report will explain a lot of the significant events†¦show more content†¦Something else that he led was a big scientific community in America. Through that, he educated many other people which led to them creating inventions of their own. (Schoenherr) This American Enlightenment was assisted by the increase in higher education as there were more schools being built throughout the north. Even though his words would have been more influential and helpful in later society, the society that he lived in were just not well educated enough to understand the writing of the philosophes. As mentioned earlier, he was an important political figure too. This was because of the growing popularity of his work and achievements. He was seen as a very intelligent man which led to him being appointed to the Albany Congress as a Pennsylvania delegate. He was one person who disagreed with the separation of the colonies and asked for the union of them which was agreed upon by the other delegates but later rejected by the Britain government. He was one of the many people who opposed the Stamp Act. He protested it but saw no progress in the fight against it that the colonists have started so he later requested the obedience of the Stamp Act to the colonists. This lost him a little sup port but it is what he thought was right. He would spend time in England throughout this crisis but would return to America ultimately to help fight for its independence. He would be appointed as the postmaster general in the ContinentalShow MoreRelatedCriticism of Fordes Claim on Benjamin Franklins Autobiography1629 Words   |  7 Pagestopics; 1) Wealth and Virtue, 2) Virtue of reasonableness, 3) the art of sociability. This essay will look into the succinct analysis of the first part of the autobiography using various sources from Benjamin Franklin to substantiate criticisms and arguments against Fordes claims. The paper will specifically center on the Benjamins Franklins wealth as an individual, and its connection with virtue. 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Marketing plan description Free Essays

What major demographic developments and trends pose opportunities or threats to firms doing business in this product category? Cutter Automotive can expect the following demographic changes to affect them (Ferron J) Reduction in number of customers who buy on impulse The customer base is decreasingly responsive to novelty , change and variety The customer of the present generation is looking for quality , durability and appropriateness There is an increased trade off between time and convenience to get a good buy. The customer base is looking for the best bargain and is not loyal like the earlier generations There is noticed increased loyalty to brands but not over all the products of that brand. The generation of today is spending more time and money at home There is noticed an increased focus on purchases with the future in mind. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing plan description or any similar topic only for you Order Now The customer is also information savvy and can be expected to know the in and out of the products and offers. The above list of changes can be an opportunity or a threat to the firm depending on the decisions that it implements. The firm can tailor its future business plan to take into account the changing mindset of the customer and make the shift in demographics an opportunity not a threat. The customer of the future is looking for the best bargain and is working more often than not on a budget.    The families of tomorrow are also 2 or more car families and if the dealership can convert sale into loyalty, the benefits could accrue in the form of future business. Due to the advent of the information age, the dealer can no longer rely on smooth talking sales personnel but on delivery of facts and offers. The dealership also needs to keep in mind the increase in online booking especially since the cars are mass made. What broad cultural or sub cultural patterns affect the public’s attitude towards the firms and/or products of the firms doing business in this product category? There exists a general perception amongst the public that car dealerships can be equated to words like â€Å"fleecing†. There also exists a perception like the dealership sells old cars made to look like new, over charges for accessories, the discounts advertised are not really discounts; customer is leeched if not careful. In a study conducted by HarrisInteractive for a project entitled Automotive Retailing today in 2004 , it was found that negative perceptions about what it is like to buy a car from a dealership is very different from actual experiences . These are sentiments handed down from generation to generation or person to person. A sample few may have had a bad experience or the dealership attitude may have been in the projected negative mould, and this has established itself as the image associated with a car dealership. This perhaps stems from the time when manufacturers were few , the car dealer was the all knowing and important person in control of sales , there was a monopoly of sorts and the product was an expensive investment. This situation may have given rise to the advice â€Å" Be careful while buying a car from the dealership , they will try to fleece you†. The study also found that people did not trust car dealerships in general but trusted â€Å"their† dealership, people held the perception that buying a car from the dealer is always a bad experience but personally never had one , women are not treated as well as men in an auto dealership. Cited Ferron ,   J., an How to cite Marketing plan description, Essays

Effect of Authentic Leadership on Employee †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Effect of Authentic Leadership on Employee. Answer: Introduction The report is prepared to analyze the different concepts of leadership in business and how it is related to the strategic marketing and corporate social responsibilities. The topic is prepared with focus on the Zander and Zander principles on the art of possibility. It is based on how to transform the personal and professional lives of people and create a better place for them to live in. The business organization that will be considered here, as the case study is Rolex in Canada. The leadership in business can influence the strategic management process by determining the vision and mission of the organization and at the same time implement effective strategies for the success of business (Goleman, 2017). The main purpose of preparing this report will be to check the role of leadership in the formulation and implementation of strategies, furthermore evaluate the efficiency of the business processes and identifying the drawbacks too. Leaders play major roles in strategic management an d can break the hierarchy of the organization to formulate the vision and clarify the strategies that shall be implemented. Leadership will also affect the culture of the organization, ensure better management of values and ethics and increase the morale of employees, furthermore enhance the learning procedures at Rolex. This can not only facilitate innovation and creativity within the organization, but will also make leaders encourage the organizational members to perform effectively and become socially responsible too (rolex.com, 2018). Strategic Marketing is an effective concept of marketing where leadership plays a vital role in differentiating itself from the competitors in business through capitalization of the company strengths. It would include both present and potential strengths that the company do possesses to provide better value to its customers than the competitors in the market. Rolex, Canada is one of the major luxury watchmakers that manufactures, distributes and sells service wristwatches under the brands of Tudor and Rolex. The company is known for its watches delivered that have exceptional qualities in terms of performance and reliability to fulfill the needs and requirements of the customers. Rolex delivers the best quality luxury watches, but it is also important to note that the prices of the products are quite high that only the luxury segment customers are capable of purchasing (Y?ld?z, Ba?trk Boz, 2014). The present GenY customers are more accustomed with the use of cell phones, where they can check the time and so they prefer checking time on their mobile phones rather than the luxury watches. The companys marketing activities include use of social media and managing an online website to promote and spread messages and information about the products for the customers. It is an effective way to attract the new customers and retain the existing ones, so that they could be informed about the value of watches and make purchases later in their lives. To analyze the marketing scenario, the situational analysis was done to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The strengths of Rolex include string band image and identity, global brand awareness, extremely good quality products and luxury, which could be the aspiration of many customers (Aziz, Mahmood Abdullah, 2013). The weaknesses could be the high costs, due to which customers could switch on to some other brands, preference of time checking on mobile phones rather than the watches for the young generation customers and lack of individuality in certain cases. Still, there are multiple opportunities ac hieved through the development of social media campaigns and online website along with designing and production of limited edition watches that are both reliable in terms of quality and longevity. The threats that might be faced were recession in the market, high competition, cell phones usage and low-end watches were not much effective as the high priced products, which could reduce the sales revenue for Rolex (Heath et al., 2013). Leadership in business is an important aspect that can evaluate the systems and strategies at various levels of work and change the culture accordingly to improve the strategic management process. This will also provide a proper vision, think and plan strategically, furthermore administer the operational activities with ease and effectiveness. The leadership concept will also direct the subordinates to carry out their tasks properly and at the same time, keep them motivated and encouraged to work as an unit, in coordination, considering the mission and vision of Rolex, Canada. The leadership skills could allow for setting goals and objectives, design the strategies, execute those and finally measure the performances to ensure steady progress and successful outcomes in business. Based on the various aspects of marketing, the leaders could also determine the feasibility of strategies before implementing and position the products and services properly in the market too (Y?ld?r?m Birinc i, 2013). This would also make the company remain competitive globally as well as achieve heights of success quite effectively. With the formulation of marketing strategies, the leaders should also be involved in considering the perfect time when these strategies could be implemented and make sure to improve the business performance. Rolex manages the changing lifestyle and purchasing behaviors of the customers along with increased disposable income and purchasing power through the right marketing strategies. The company aims to provide more value for money products to keep the customers happy and make them purchase the products and services consistently. The luxury goods industry have been growing quite fast and in a developing nation like Canada, it would be beneficial for conducting the market analysis and ensure implementing the right marketing strategies to sustain in the future (Lindgren Abdullah, 2013). There is a huge gap between the strategic marketing objectives that are presently implemented and that will be required in the preferred future. It is important for the leaders to manage proper level of motivation and encouragement of the employees to ensure that the strategies are properly implemented to obtain positive business outcomes with ease. The major gap between the current and future state could be the pricing problems, due to which the company still might face difficulties in attracting customers from every market segments of Canada. The prices of products are quite high, because of which, those are targeted to the luxury segments of customers and the normal market segment customers face difficulty in purchasing those sometimes (Crossan et al., 2013). Thus, leaders should encompass using various pricing strategies to keep the products under budget and ensure that the customers could easily purchase those. By setting the right prices, it would be easy to overcome this gap between the current and preferred state in the future and ensure successful accessibility by the customers. Previously, Rolex was more focused on satisfying the customers from the luxury market segments and now even the strategies are implemented to target the luxury customers and did not follow much appreciable sustainable or socially responsible methods to benefit the society. The company preferred to co ntribute largely to the society in the future not only to create a positive mindset among the customers but also to enhance the efficiency of sustainability measures implemented to bring changes and improvements (Parris Peachey 2013). Leadership impact on the strategic management The proper leadership skills present within the leader could help him to provide direction to the employees about their performance as well as make them set certain plans to accomplish the business goals and objectives with ease. The leaders associated with the organization could provide an accurate vision as well as set plans and measure the functions undertaken that should suit the organizational needs. This would further assist in distributing the strategies at various levels accurately to boost the performances of the employees and lift their morale to perform to their potential. The leader would not only motivate and encourage the staffs but also could also change the ways the staffs think about the tasks, furthermore identify the strategy gaps just it had been seen then (Klettner, Clarke Boersma, 2014). A positive culture would be created that could integrate both the strategic and operational activities and at the same time, which could make the formulation and implementation of strategies successful and noteworthy. The leaders would introduce an environment where changes should be evitable and then the vision and organizational strategy might be developed to focus on setting the right prices so that every customer segments could access the products and services and even get value for money items, thereby resulting in loyal customers. Thus, the leadership in business could identify gaps between the current and preferred state of business in the future. Then the products should be marketed through the proper implementation of strategies for deriving the best outcomes that had been expected (Chang, Chen Chiou, 2015). Transformational Servant leadership The financial business performance is often related to the strategic management at Rolex and due to the changes in demographics, social, political and economic factors, the business performance deteriorates. Leadership is important to keep the workforce motivated and encouraged to bring long-term benefits. The leadership skills present among the leader could help him to enable strategic alignment through transformation servant leadership. The transformational servant leadership could also influence the financial performance as well as management business functions properly to achieve the desired results and overcome the gaps experienced with convenience (Avolio Yammarino, 2013). The transformational servant leadership should be responsible for produce change and movement, furthermore communicate the goals and objectives to the employees properly and influence them for accomplishing the purpose. The service and transformational leadership styles are considered as people oriented styl es of leadership that can focus o the well being of the workers and increase the level of interest among the followers to work harder and committed (Wang Hsieh, 2013). At Rolex, the transformational servant leadership should provide a certain level of freedom to the employees and make them engaged to support the organizational behavior. The servant leaders would obtain the ideas and opinions of every employee and then make a proper decision without any bias (rolex.com, 2018). There are certain differences though between the transformation and servant leaders. The transformational leader manages idealized influence and motivates the employees to keep them inspired and focused on their individual tasks. On the other hand, the servant leaders could go beyond ones self interest and enhance the level of autonomy and power, which could ensure sharing of messages and information along with facilitating the strong interpersonal relationships. The transformational servant leadership and strategic management are not interrelated with each other, but it has definitely created an impact on the formulation and management of strategies (Demirtas Akdogan, 2015). The alignment of employees towards the organizational goals and objectives produces synergy and provides employees with a proper direction, which can also facilitate the strategic management. This would not only help in engaging with the task and organizational behaviors properly, but would also reduce the chan ces of conflicts and misunderstandings with much ease and effectiveness. The transformation servant leaders at Rolex could align the interests of the employees and reduce the conflicts furthermore to ensure proper management and utilization of resources too. The leaders who would not be concerned with the safety and well being of workers and disregarded the interests of the employees, then they would likely get less motivated and this might result in lack of communication too (Bolman Deal, 2017). Values Based Leadership The value-based leadership has influenced the formation of a good culture within the organization where people can work in coordination and as a unit to accomplish the business objectives efficiently. The success of the organization is dependent on the value-based leadership, which can allow for using the values and beliefs as a motivating factor to enhance the business processes efficiency. The value-based leaders could promote self-awareness among the employees and define the core values, based on which, a strong culture should be created (Peregrym Wollf, 2013). The value-based leaders could also be responsible for making the organization transparent about the value system and establish a sense of trust, loyalty and confidence among the workers to achieve higher level of client satisfaction and increased financial value as well. It should also be a good approach undertaken by the value-based leaders to unite the employees and achieve a common purpose to maintain proper philosophy of business functioning (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). The leadership competencies mean the leadership skills and abilities possessed by the leaders to contribute to the enhanced business operations efficiency. By focusing on the leadership competencies, it would be easy to develop and enhance skills, furthermore promote better decision-making abilities and problem solving capabilities too. At Rolex, the individuals holding the leadership positions must hold skills to supervise the employees with proper management experience and should provide conflict resolution strategies to improve the business performance (Wheelen et al., 2017). The leaders must be able to motivate and guide the employees in the right direction and even delegate tasks properly to the concerned employees based on their skills and strengths to ensure better performance management and lesser numbers of risks experienced. He must be knowledgeable enough to build teams and possess enough expertise in interviewing the line managers, team leaders responsibility and check fo r improvements that could be associated with the strategic management at Rolex, Canada. As it could be seem from the above section that there were certain gaps such as inability to attract every market segments due to the inappropriate pricing decisions and strategies implemented along with lack of sustainable measures undertaken, which prevented the company to become socially responsible as well. This would not only make the leader guide own self but would also allow to lead others by establish good communication between the employees and valuing the diversity and team working too (Morschett, Schramm-Klein Zentes, 2015). Corporate Social Responsibility Leadership has influenced the organization to become socially responsible to make the company contribute to the community as well as to the people living there. The corporate social responsibility could be developed through the transformational servant leadership at Rolex. There is significant increase in public awareness about the internal operations to manage corporate social responsibility and addressing the issues that may hamper the brand image. Rolex, being a reputed and established organization should maintain proper values and ethics and it should be possible with the management of proper leadership through servant leadership aspect (Hahn, 2013). There are various ways to achieve the standards that the organization expects, though sometimes the financial goals and objectives have been aligned with the corporate social responsibility whereas others have undertaken sustainable measures to create a sustainable environment. Rolex should overcome the barriers faced in business so as to create some fundamental changes considering the leadership philosophies and long term benefits in business. The economies in the marketplace are developing at a faster rate, which has placed increased importance on the potential harms that may be caused on the individuals, environment as well as on the communities and nations (Alkhafaji Nelson, 2013). It is important to become socially responsible for reducing the potential harms and increase the growth in economy of the country too. The transformational servant leader could inform the employees about what should be done to manage the goals and values, furthermore ensure maintaining a balance between the fulfillment of stakeholders needs and maximization of profit. To become socially responsible, it would be important for the leaders of Rolex to maintain proper business ethics as well as ensure legal compliance by making investments on the community and keeping the environment secure through the maintenance of environment friendly approaches. Sustainability means fulfilling the needs and requirements of the present generation without compromising on the needs and requirements of the future generations. Until now, Rolex has helped changing the world in a variety of ways such as preserving the cultural heritage of many places and even investments done for providing health care services to many poor people all around the world (Choudhary, Akhtar Zaheer, 2013). It has also assisted in the inventions made by an individual named Bah Abba. With the help of the watches, he managed to distribute more than 100000 pots that provide refrigerating benefits all across the sub Saharan Africa. Vultures were experiencing phases of extinction previously due to popular targets for hunters. Michael Terrasse, a Rolex Laureate managed to protect these birds through the applications of various laws in Europe and this resulted in more than 20,000 breeding pairs of vultures at present in the continent. At present, the increase in activism and augmentation of the consumers to take actions against the companies have created greater pressure on the watch companies to become more transparent and less harmful to the society (Van Dierendonck et al., 2014). Other than the establishment of a strong culture, setting proper pricing strategies and strategic management, leadership aspects should also be liable for managing corporate social responsibility measure properly to create lesser harmful impact on the environment and achieve sustainable competitive advantage in business too (Liden et al., 2014). Conclusion The report was focused on the leadership concept from the business perspective considering the business organization Rolex in Canada. Rolex had been a reputed organization with a strong brand name and image that focused on providing luxury watches for the customers. The company presently had been doing so and aimed to attract every market segments, both luxury and the regular customer segments in the preferred future. The company also wanted to follow sustainable approaches to create a better impact on the community and create lesser harmful impact on the environment, furthermore become socially responsible and accomplish the business aims and objectives with ease. The present marketing state of Rolex stated the ways managed by the company to distribute its product and services in the market, but only the luxury customer segments were interested in the products while the regular customers found it difficult to purchase due to the higher prices. Thus, it could be important to align th e strategies with the organizational goals properly and that should be possible with the evolvement of transformational servant leadership at Rolex, Canada. The leadership competencies and skills possessed include ability to supervise, manage coordination and communication among the employees, ensuring proper teamwork and coordination and achieve sustainability. The leaders should also guide the members of the organization to follow certain rules, regulations and codes of conducts to become socially responsible and contribute largely to the environment. References Alkhafaji, A., Nelson, R. A. (2013). Strategic management: formulation, implementation, and control in a dynamic environment. Avolio, B. J., Yammarino, F. J. (Eds.). (2013). Introduction to, and overview of, transformational and charismatic leadership. In Transformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition (pp. xxvii-xxxiii). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Aziz, R. A., Mahmood, R., Abdullah, M. (2013). The effects of leadership styles and entrepreneurial orientation on the business performance of SMEs in Malaysia. In The IBEA International Conference on Business, Economics and Accounting-Bangkok. Bolman, L. G., Deal, T. E. (2017). Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice, and leadership. John Wiley Sons. Chang, T. Z., Chen, S. J., Chiou, J. S. (2015). Management leadership behavior and market orientation: The relationship and their effects on organization effectiveness and business performance. In Marketing, Technology and Customer Commitment in the New Economy (pp. 276-281). Springer, Cham. Choudhary, A. I., Akhtar, S. A., Zaheer, A. (2013). Impact of transformational and servant leadership on organizational performance: A comparative analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 116(2), 433-440. Crossan, M., Mazutis, D., Seijts, G., Gandz, J. (2013). Developing leadership character in business programs. Academy of Management Learning Education, 12(2), 285-305. Demirtas, O., Akdogan, A. A. (2015). The effect of ethical leadership behavior on ethical climate, turnover intention, and affective commitment. Journal of Business Ethics, 130(1), 59-67. Goleman, D. (2017). Leadership That Gets Results (Harvard Business Review Classics). Harvard Business Press. Hahn, R. (2013). ISO 26000 and the standardization of strategic management processes for sustainability and corporate social responsibility. Business Strategy and the Environment, 22(7), 442-455. Heath, D., Singh, R., Ganesh, J., Taube, L. (2013). Building thought leadership through business-to-business social media engagement at infosys. MIS Quarterly Executive, 12(2). Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. (2014). Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Klettner, A., Clarke, T., Boersma, M. (2014). The governance of corporate sustainability: Empirical insights into the development, leadership and implementation of responsible business strategy. Journal of Business Ethics, 122(1), 145-165. Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J., Liao, C., Meuser, J. D. (2014). Servant leadership and serving culture: Influence on individual and unit performance. Academy of Management Journal, 57(5), 1434-1452. Lindgren, P., Abdullah, M. A. (2013). Conceptualizing strategic business model innovation leadership for business survival and business model innovation excellence. Journal of Multi Business Model Innovation and Technology, 1(2), 113-131. Morschett, D., Schramm-Klein, H., Zentes, J. (2015). Strategic international management (pp. 978-3658078836). Springer. Parris, D. L., Peachey, J. W. (2013). A systematic literature review of servant leadership theory in organizational contexts. Journal of business ethics, 113(3), 377-393. Peregrym, D., Wollf, R. (2013). Values-based leadership: the foundation of transformational servant leadership. The Journal of Values-Based Leadership, 6(2), 7. rolex.com. (2018). Rolex. Retrieved 6 April 2018, from https://www.rolex.com/ Van Dierendonck, D., Stam, D., Boersma, P., De Windt, N., Alkema, J. (2014). Same difference? Exploring the differential mechanisms linking servant leadership and transformational leadership to follower outcomes. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(3), 544-562. Wang, D. S., Hsieh, C. C. (2013). The effect of authentic leadership on employee trust and employee engagement. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 41(4), 613-624. Wheelen, T. L., Hunger, J. D., Hoffman, A. N., Bamford, C. E. (2017). Strategic management and business policy. pearson. Y?ld?r?m, N., Birinci, S. (2013). Impacts of organizational culture and leadership on business performance: A case study on acquisitions. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 75, 71-82. Y?ld?z, S., Ba?trk, F., Boz, ?. T. (2014). The effect of leadership and innovativeness on business performance. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 150, 785-793.

Leading Life with Smiles On The Face Essays - Facial Expressions

Leading Life With Smiles On the Face Do you ever know that what makes life joyful, happy or even full of pleasure? Smiling is the answer. Instead of showing a gloomy face, why don?t we begin our everyday lives with a warmhearted smile? It will certainly make our lives much better and wonderful. Smiling indicates a sign of happiness on us. Smiling not only shows that we are contented, it will also make other people feel blissful and relaxed. In fact, there is one famous quote created by an American inspirational writer, H. Jackson Brown, Jr. about smile., that is ?Today, give a stranger one of your smiles. It might be the only sunshine he sees all day?. When we smile at somebody, they might even smile back at us. Smiling simply means that we are delighted, and by showing others our cheery grin will certainly make all lives happy. Therefore, smiling will make others put a grin on their faces. Life seems to be full of obstacles and hardship. Smiling is the ultimate solution to work out the problem. Smiling makes you look successful indeed. Smiling will also grant you the feeling of hope and faith, as smiling can fill you up with the strength and confident to survive. Hence, be sure to show your smiley face, especially when you meet a disheartened person. This will be the best cure for them. Besides that, do not feel depressed even when you face difficulties. As the saying goes, ?there is always light at the end of the tunnel?. In fact, you should just smile and problems might become simpler. Also, there is a saying that goes, ?A smile can brighten the darkest sky?. Thus, smiling definitely makes you look at the brighter side of a bad situation. An amiable grin will absolutely place you in a positive position all over the place. Smiling shows that you are a friendly person and it also gives you a child like innocence. Furthermore, with a smiley face, you will be more contagious to the people around you. Two persons will get closer to each other when they start to smile at each other. You look gracious when you smile and thus, people will like to stay together with you. In addition, smiling is important in bringing the whole world together. An American philosopher, Max Eastman says that, ?a smile is the universal welcome?. For that reason, all people in the world should smile everyday to ensure world peace, as peace begins with smile. Lastly, smiling prolongs life. Smiling relieves all the tensions and pressures in lives, thus causing us to feel relieved. Getting angry for the whole time will surely disrupt our nervous systems and this results in the shortening of lifespan. Smiling functions as a natural drug that eases all pains without producing negative offshoots. It is believed that smiling can get rid of feeling of annoyance and promotes human flourishing. Moreover, smiling builds up attractive and appealing looks. Research actually shows that smiling also makes us look younger. Next, smiling tends to adjust our moods. We will feel better when we smile and we can have a good mood. As a result, we should always put a smile on our face to ensure a healthy lifestyle. In a nutshell, we should lead our lives with smiles on our face. We must not hesitate to smile at other people since smiling is a virtuous act. Life is just the resemblance of a mirror, we will always end up getting the greatest consequences when we smile at it. Therefore, let us smile together till the end of the world.

Using relevant theories and examples from organisations Essays

Using relevant theories and examples from organisations Essays Using relevant theories and examples from organisations Essay Using relevant theories and examples from organisations Essay Title: Exploitation relevant theories and illustrations from administrations with which you are familiar, explicate why squad work is so of import to modern-day administrationsThe Hawthorne Studies [ 1 ] by Elton Mayo and associates, followed by the Tavistock Institute of Human Relations [ 2 ] in the 1950s emphasised the importance of societal interactions/relationships at work, and how these affect public presentation, i.e. working in groups can profit productiveness. Teams are different from other work groups because they are established for specific intents and are a unit’ with shared ends. They have been defined as a figure of people – normally merely a few- with different backgrounds, accomplishments and cognition, and drawn from assorted countries of the organisation who work together on a particular and defined task ( Drucker, 1999 ) [ 3 ] .Initially squad working was associated with bettering quality of working life by providing for employee’s intrinsic demands, e.g. morale, liberty, etc. However, squad working is now recognised as imperative to derive competitory advantage through improved quality, problem-solving/creativity because complex concern environments mean that procedures associated within most industries, e.g. fiscal, fabrication, etc. are normally excessively hard for an single employee to transport out efficaciously.The term tends to mention to the self-managing work units and flow-line engineering that are associated with Nipponese corporations such as Toyota and Nissan and direction thoughts such as entire quality direction, quality circles, just-in-time, etc. Teams normally dominate where merchandise innovation/design are considered imperative to organizational success, e.g. car, chemical industries ( Marchington 1992 ) [ 4 ] . In recent old ages, a greater application of teamwork rules has developed in the service and public sector, e.g. call-centres, teleworking ( Cohen, et Al, 1996 ) . [ 5 ] Proctor and Currie ( 2002 ) [ 6 ] show how squad working was successful in the Inland Revenue through back uping single employee identity’ within the purposes set out for the squad as a whole unit. Clark ( 1995 ) [ 7 ] and Bloisi et Al ( 2003 ) [ 8 ] point out how those corporations show greater success that choose a squad attack in battling challenges instead than single enterprises ; non merely between directors and subsidiaries, but bes ides between providers, investors, clients and other such external agentsAs Oakland ( 2002 ) [ 9 ] notes, squad working is a effect of downsizing, delayering and decentralisation and is as a agency to undertake the troubles originating from countries of end struggle and diverseness that are seen as hindering the aims of the administration ; workers are frequently encouraged to go team’ participants in order to go united in accomplishing corporate ends ( Thompson A ; Wallace, 1996 ) [ 10 ] .Overall, squad working brings greater flexibleness, quality and consciousness in the face of increasing competition. It allows increased communications and co-operation throughout administrations for new developments to win. Arkin ( 1995 ) [ 11 ] explains how Yardley Cosmetics recognised the demand for a move from a traditional functional hierarchy, to one where a demand to better communications and co-operation, every bit good as employee investing, resulted in greater squad working to be tter client services and quality.There is a demand to bear in head that there are assorted contextual factors involved in whether squad working will be successful, e.g. corporate history, worker orientations, control systems at work, engineering, etc. However, as Oakland ( 2002 ) [ 12 ] points out, if the administration has an overall scheme and positive clime, every bit good as construction and mechanisms for the acknowledgment of each single part teams improve procedures, bring forthing consequences rapidly and economically ( Oakland, 2002 ) [ 13 ] . In big corporations, e.g. Motorola and Hewlett-Packard, these types of systems have been established and allow squads to develop when a new challenge emerges.Team working is a agency to augment and better on the constructions that already exist in such administrations and as Hill ( 2003 ) [ 14 ] points out, Without teamwork it is virtually impossible to do and implement high-quality decisions in today’s composite concern enviro nments. Finally, as Oakland ( 2003 ) [ 15 ] argues, betterments to treat jobs can merely be efficaciously dealt with through teamwork through pooling skills/knowledge, improved job resolution and greater occupation satisfaction.Bibliography:Arkin, A. ( 1995 ) More than merely a decorative change’ .Peoples Management. 1: ( 8 ) pp.30-31Bloisi, W. , Cook, C. W. A ; Hunsaker, P. L. ( 2003 )Management and organizational behavior.London: Mcgraw-Hill EducationBuchanan, D. ( 2000 ) An tidal bore and digesting embracing: the on-going rediscovery of squad working as a direction idea’ . In Proctor, S. A ; Mueller, F. ( Eds. ) Team working( 2000 ) London: Macmillan Press.Clark, J. ( 1995 )Pull offing invention and alteration. London: Sage Publications.Cohen, S. , Ledford, C. and Spreitzer, G. ( 1996 ) A prognostic theoretical account of self-managing work squad effectiveness’ .Human Relations. 49 ( 5 ) pp.643-76.Drucker, P. F. ( 1999 )Management: undertakings, duties, pat terns. Oxford: Butterworth-HeinemannDyer, W. G. ( 1987 )Team edifice issues and options.United statess: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. p.7Hill, L. A. ( 2003 )Becoming a director: how new directors master the challenges of leading. Boston: Harvard Business School PressMarchington, M. ( 1992 )Pull offing the squad.Oxford: BlackwellOakland, J.S. ( 2002 )Entire organizational excellence: achieving first public presentation.Oxford: Butterworth-HeinemannProctor, S. A ; Currie, G. ( 2002 ) How squad working plants in the Inland Revenue: significance, operation and impact’ .Forces Review, vol.31, no. 3. pp.304-319.Thompson, P. A ; Wallace, T. ( 1996 ) Redesigning production through squad working: instance surveies from the Volvo Truck Corporation’. International Journal of Operations and Production Management.16 ( 2 ) pp.103-181

Basswood Tree Description and Pruning Info

Basswood Tree Description and Pruning Info Introduction to the Basswood Tree Basswood, also known as American Linden is a large native North American tree that can grow more than 80 feet tall. In addition to being a majestic tree in the landscape, basswood is a soft, light wood and prized for hand carvings and making baskets. Native American basswood is found on rich, wet soils of the central and eastern United States. In the landscape, is a very beautiful and large tree with a majestic oval canopy mounted on a tall, straight trunk. Mid-summer brings abundant clusters of aromatic, yellow blooms which attract bees who make a prized honey - the tree is often fondly called the honey or bee tree. Taxonomy and Species Range The scientific name of basswood is Tilia americana and is pronounced TILL-ee-uh uh-mair-ih-KAY-nuh. Common names include American basswood, American linden and bee-tree and the tree is a member of the plant family Tiliaceae. Basswood grows in USDA hardiness zones 3 through 8 and is native to North America. The tree is often used as a hedge but only in large tree lawns. It grows rapidly, is very large and needs plenty of space. The tree makes an excellent landscape planting with limited tolerance to urban conditions depending on the cultivar. It is a perfect shade tree and can be used as a residential street tree. American Linden Cultivars There are several great cultivars of American linden including ‘Redmond’, ‘Fastigiata’ and ‘Legend’. The cultivar Tilia americana ‘Redmond’ grows 75 feet tall, has a beautiful pyramidal shape and is drought-tolerant. Tilia americana ‘Fastigiata’ is more narrow in shape with fragrant yellow flowers. Tilia americana ‘Legend’ is a hearty tree with resistant to leaf rust. The tree shape is pyramidal, grows with a single, straight trunk, and with upright, well-spaced branches. All of these cultivars are great as specimens for large lawns and along private drives and public streets. Pests of Basswood Insects: aphids are notorious pests on basswood but will not kill a healthy tree. Aphids produce a sticky substance called honeydew which then introduces a dark sooty mold that will cover objects under the tree including parked vehicles and lawn furniture. Other attacking insects include bark borers, walnut lace bug, Basswood leaf miner, scales and Linden mite can all be troublesome problems. Disease: Leaf rust is a major defoliator of basswood but some cultivars are resistant. Other diseases that infect basswood are Anthracnose, canker, leaf spots, powdery mildew, and verticillium wilt. Basswood Description: Basswood in the landscape grows to a height of 50 to 80 feet, depending on tree variety and site conditions. The trees crown spread is 35 to 50 feet and the canopy is typically symmetrical with a regular, smooth outline. Individual crown forms are consistent with an oval to pyramidal canopy shape. Crown density is tight and the trees growth rate is medium to rapid, depending on the site condition. Basswood Trunk and Branches Basswood branches droop as the tree grows and do require some pruning. If you have regular walking and vehicular traffic, a pruning may need to be done for clearance beneath the canopy. The tree form is not particularly showy but maintains a pleasing symmetry and should be grown with one single trunk to maturity. Basswood Leaf Botanics Leaf arrangement: alternateLeaf type: simpleLeaf margin: serrateLeaf shape: cordate; ovateLeaf venation: pinnateLeaf type and persistence: deciduousLeaf blade length: 4 to 8 inchesLeaf color: greenFall color: yellowFall characteristic: not showy I explain some of these terms in my Botanical Glossary... Necessary Site Conditions The native American basswood grows best on moist, fertile soils where those soils are acid or slightly alkaline. The tree likes to grow in full sun or partial shade and is more shade-tolerant than oaks and hickories. The leaves will show some wilting and scorching after a long dry season, but the tree appears fine the following year. The tree is often found growing along creeks and streams but will take short periods of drought. The trees favorite habitat is on moist sites. Pruning Basswood American linden grows into a very large tree and demands space to develop properly. Naturally occurring trees need no pruning but branches on landscape specimens should be spaced by pruning along the trunk to allow for development to maturity. Removing branches with weak crotches and embedded bark is advised even though the wood is flexible and will not often break from the trunk. Plant basswood as a specimen or shade tree only on property where there is plenty of area available for root expansion. Remember to remove basal sprouts that are prone to grow off the base of the trunk.

Film Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Film Studies - Essay Example Casablanca and Singin' in the Rain may be the ultimate examples how the idea that only one approach to mise-en-scene is representative of classic Hollywood narrative ideology. Both films are iconic examples of a traditional Hollywood studio production from the era when everybody involved in filmmaking was under contract to just one company. The studio executives, and not the director, determined the final result, which had to be created while facing obstacles such as star demands, daily rewrites, and an eye toward the bottom line of profits. As a result, both movies possess such typical Hollywood narrative elements as a protagonist, an antagonist and a clearly defined plot that utilizes such narrative concepts as rising and falling action. The opening sequence follows the cinematographical template that marks most Hollywood films by commencing with a series of establishing shots and signals intended to promptly inform the audience of such necessary elements in mainstream storytelling as setting and time, pointedly eschewing irony and non-diagetic distancing devices. The opening sequence of Casablanca also serves the more subtle means of establishing ideology and lends credence to the suggestion that setting can "dynamically enter into the narrative action". 2. The exotic locale of the city of Casablanca with which the majority of filmgoers are doubtlessly unfamiliar is effortlessly exploited to heighten the sense of chaos and disorder that will shortly become vital to both the narrative and message that the movie is meant to convey. The film moves quickly to follow the logical cinematic progression that tracks from universal to the personal. After successfully introducing Casablanca as a foreign port on another continent that seems to have little to do with the interests of its American target audience, the link is made explicit as the city is revealed to be a vital point on the route of those attempting to escape the Nazis by fleeing to America. The lighting i s low key, dominated by shadows that reflect the shadowy world of shifting allegiances and ambiguous morality. Those shadows work effectively to symbolize the idea of the shadow of fascism lurking over the rest of the civilized world while also intensifying the realism that is a necessity in a propagandistic film3. The mise-en-scene choices behind the entirety of the opening sequence of Casablanca is motivated by the narrative functions associated with imparting to the audience such vital information as the time and historical context of the film for its ideological message while simultaneously creating the necessary mystery that surrounds the character of Rick Blaine and the activities that take place inside his cafe. Likewise, despite the rapidity with which the film has moved from its

Smoking related illnesses have claimed a lot of lives in UK Essay

Smoking related illnesses have claimed a lot of lives in UK - Essay Example For women the activity of smoking renders severe implications to the process of pregnancy impairing the reproductive process (Smoking and Health, n.d.). The growth of smoking activity in United Kingdom alone claims around 106,000 lives on an annual basis. Large numbers of people get affected by fatal ailments like cancer, cardiac and pulmonary problems which contribute to the growing deaths in the region. The growth in deaths owing to smoking problems has scaled such heights in United Kingdom that it has become a serious public health concern in the region. Again the frequency and growth of smoking ailments happens to become an economic and social burden for the country (Peate, 2007, p.218). In United Kingdom the treatment and care rendered to smoking diseases demand around 5 billion pounds of annual expenditure during 2005. This expenditure incurred during 2005 accounted for around 5.5 percent of the total health budget prepared by National Health Service in United Kingdom for the p eriod 2005 to 2006. (Smoking disease costs NHS 5 billion Pounds, 2009). Public Health Impacts of Smoking Related Diseases The policies and practice of Public Health Systems in the context of United Kingdom gained importance with the works of the Labour Party during 1997. In fact, the labour government of Britain made the public health practices as one of the key health and social needs of the region. Enhancement of the scope of the National Health Service in the region was done to reduce the impact of economic and social inequalities in getting access to better health services. (Lloyd, Jones & Douglas, 2009, p.10). Growth in the consumption habits of tobacco and nicotine products in different countries has been observed to occur because of difference in the social settings of the large communities. The main social inequality factors like deprivation from better living and economic standards, spread of unemployment in the regions and increase in solitude are observed to be the major reasons which accounts for the growth of smoking habits. People take to these habits of consuming nicotine through smoking to get rid of feelings of depression and loneliness. However on the contrary increased incidence to such objects renders economic impact on the poor people by causing a rise in the emergence of fatal diseases pertaining to heart and lungs. It also happens to cause cancer in many patients, which thereby claim many lives. Poor people suffering from such smoking ailments fail to gain access to better treatments owing to which the number of deaths in the region starts rising. A study made on the smoking characteristics of the people in United Kingdom during 1993 shows that the number of smokers in the deprived community were greater than the people belonging to affluent types. The above observation made during 1993 in United Kingdom can also be graphically represented as follows. It is found that the habit of taking drugs and products like nicotine were much prevale nt in deprived communities of Britain during the 1993 period (Wilkinson & Marmot, 2003, pp.24-25).

Hybrid Cars Essay Example for Free

Hybrid Cars Essay Company: Within the company there are a few areas to look at regarding Toyotas introduction of the Prius. Areas such as financing, research, development, as well as others. When introducing the Prius, Toyota started early with its promotion of the hybrid. Spending US$15 million out of the US$190 million is spent on marketing in the 2002 year. Toyota informed its potential customers threw informative emails, TV commercials, and earth day give a ways. Toyota put a lot into research and development to come up with the hybrid with the advances in technology, such as the engine of the Prius. The engine combines a 1. 5 litre, 4 cylinder gas engine, with a 33-kilowatt electric engine that runs of a nickel-hydride battery. With this new engine and normal highway driving conditions the car is said to get 106 km per gallon. It is also rated one of the greenest vehicles on the market. Since North Americans complain about gas mileage, and want to be environmentally friendly this seems like the way to go. Suppliers: One of Toyotas major costs of manufacturing the Prius would be the nickel-hydride battery that the electric part fo the engine runs off of. This is also one of the main reasons why hybrid cars are so expensive compared to similar gas powered cars of the same size. But if manufacturers of hybrid cars were to see a yield in economies of scale then there would be more reason for producers of the battery to put more time and money into research and development of the battery and thus decrease costs of producing it. this would in term pass savings onto the potential buyers of the hybrid car. Customer Market: when looking for a way to market the Prius to consumers Toyota looked at what consumers wanted in a vehicle. Things like lower gas mileage, lower emmissions, and something that what technologically appealing. so with this in mind Toyota set out to design a car to appeal to all these things. with the combined electric and gas engine the Prius gets better mileage, and one of the greenest vehicles on the market. consumers have also been able to technologically modify there Prius, some have added DVD players and such, or programmed the cars computer to shower videos etc, on the monitors in the car. Competitors: introducing the Prius was the way in which Toyota planned to get an advantage over competitors like the big three auto manufacturers (ford, GM, DaimlerChrysler) none of whom had a hybrid in market when the Prius was released. the big three had plans of releasing hybrid vehicles in 2003, Toyota planned to stay on top of the hybrid market with its early release of a hybrid. Publics: there are a lot of different publics to take in mind. publics such as the media, government, citizen-action, local, general, etc. Toyota used a lot of these when it can to promoting the Prius. they ran articles, in vanity air, and newsweek, as well as running commercials on different television statements such as discovery, the history channel, and the learning network. it ran different taglines, such as A car that sometimes runs on gas power and sometimes runs on electric power, from a company that always runs on brain power. it also used tag lines that drew the customer in to find the meaning in it and also educating the customer on what exactly a hybrid was. Question # 2: Demographic Forces: this is one of the key forces that affect marketing plans it involves the study of people and when they want. Toyota looked at the different things that people wanted in a car. things like low fuel usage, and being environmentally friendly. using the information gathered Toyota came up with the combined engine that runs on gas and electric power to reduce mileage and also make it environmentally friendly. this hybrid would more likely be targeted to generation Y drivers. seeing as they are younger and more into the technological advances in society. it would also be marketed to the generation X drivers for the fact that they are more concerned over the outlook of the environment. Natural Forces: with natural forces marketers would be aware of trends, like the shortage or raw materials trend, the increase of population, and the government. with the government putting more emphasis on being environmentally friendly Toyota seems to have taken this to heart seeing as the Prius is one of the greenest vehicles on the market. also with the population tending to gather around more urban settings it is becoming more essential to have a vehicle with better gas mileage with more people commuting back and forth to work. Technological Forces: with the advances in technology recently people now except more from manufactures. Toyota seeing this used it to its advantage using the combined engine and adding other features as a computer system installed right in the car. it also used the internet as one of the ways it go to potential consumers to educate them on the Prius and what it was all about. which in turned created sales of the hybrid. Political: on problem with the Prius is that its not all that affordable. so makers of hybrid cars have gone to the government to see if there was a way to incorporate a benefit of driving a environmentally friendly car. while the US now offers a tax benefit for driving such a car there has yet to be any incentive in Canada. since there is no documented proof as of yet that driving one of these cars helps the environment they do not see the point in implicating anything yet. Cultural: the cultural force takes into account the values and beliefs of the consumer.like being friendly to the environment. valuing technology, etc. Toyota conformed to these by using the combined engine, not only is it environmentally friendly is also increased gas mileage. it also put a lot of new technologies into the Prius that consumers are finding many ways to use to their advantage. doing things like tweaking the computer system to play videos and mp3s, etc. Question # 3: Value proposition is essentially the full mix of benefits upon which the brand is positioned. Toyota sets the benefits to come from the higher gas mileage, the fact that it lowers emmissionsÃ'Ž

1970s Religion and Policies for Today :: Essays Papers

1970s Religion and Policies for Today I vividly remember sitting in my ninth grade world history class, only six short years ago, when my teacher announced that next week we would begin a four week study on world religions. A nervous murmur swept through thirty students, all thinking the same thought, â€Å"oh no, here we go again.† Why is religion in our preparatory schools such a touchy topic? Teachers would rather not address religion or they carefully tip-toeing around the topic? While attending Big Bear High School (a typical southern California school with about 1,000 students) I learned a lot about how religion is taught and how religious issues are handled. Raised in a Christian home, having my father teaching at the same school I attended, and practicing Christianity my entire life, I watched carefully throughout my high school education to see how my teachers would deal with the world and U.S. religions that play an enormous role in the history of our world and country. I am primarily interested in how religion was taught in the early 1970s. Including: what religions were covered, how they were integrated into the text, and the values of the religion that were presented. With my interest in possibly majoring in religious studies I feel that I have an excellent understanding of how religion is taught in our high schools today, but I don’t have a thorough understanding of what it was like to grow up in school in the 1970s and go through school. How was religion presented in the textbooks of schools in the 1970s? My primary goal of this paper is to further my understanding of religion in high schools of the 1970s. Then I would like to further my study by looking at newer documents and regulations that are in place now to govern religion that is taught and expressed in our schools today. What I expect to find is that religion was taught similarly in the 70s without all the newer policies and guidelines of today. Lastly I would like to look at how these policies and regulations in our public schools are affecting our students.

Food and Agriculture in Mauritius Essay

Traditional Foods Are: Foods in their original form, as they were Created– not modernized, not processed or not packaged. They may be Foods that have a long history of supporting to good health, whole and nutrient-dense. Foods that are simple and basic: meat and poultry, eggs, whole grains, fish, beans and legumes, vegetables, fruit, nuts and seeds, dairy, fats. The cuisine of Mauritius is a blend of Creole, Chinese, European and Indian influences. It is common for a combination of cuisines to form part of the same meal. Mauritius has had strong ties with French culture throughout its history and was left with a very French â€Å"savoir vivre†. Even today, the popularity of French dishes like the bouillon, tuna salad,daube, show the prevalence of French culture in Mauritius. As years passed by, some have been adapted to the more exotic ingredients of the island to confer some unique flavor. During the 19th century, after the abolition of slavery, Indian workers who migrated to Mauritius brought their cuisine with them. Those indentured labourers came with their own culinary tradition, depending on the region. Traces of both Northern and Southern Indian cuisine can be found in Mauritius. Some common preparations are curry, chutney, rougaille(tomato paste that is very popular with fish) and pickles, most of which use local ingredients. The Mauritian versions of those dishes have a local flavour and differ, at times considerably, from the original Indian recipes. The end of the 19th century saw the arrival of Chinese migrants, who came mostly from the south-eastern part of China. They are largely credited with making rice, the staple diet of the island, and making noodles, both steamed and fried, popular. Chinese appetizers such as hakien (local version of the spring roll with a flour batter replacing the traditional rolled wrapping), crispy chicken and crispy squid have become part of the Mauritian folklore. Furthermore, Chinese and other Asian restaurants are present all around the island, and offer a variety of chicken, squid, beef, mutton andfish dishes, most typically prepared in black bean sauce or oyster sauce. Mauritian families often consider a dinner at an Asian restaurant as a treat. Along the years, each of the country’s communities have adapted and mixed each other’s cuisine to their liking. Mauritian ‘street food’: For most Mauritians, daily practice is to eat during the daytime on the street sides, street stalls or in small local restaurants. This is a recommended way for the tourist to discover the local traditional food, enjoying the tastes of Mauritius and do so at cheap prices. Very popular common â€Å"street food† is the Indian specialties of â€Å"dholl puries† or â€Å"rotis†. In the big cities you will also find many stalls offering Chinese noodles. You will also find the gato piment, samousas, kebabs, bryanis. There’s also the fruit saladwhich which consists of cucumber, pineapple, apple, tamarind and chilli sauce. And also coconut water that tourists like drinking. These usuallyfound on the beaches. But The hygiene in many of the stalls may be below average and may cause problems to those with a sensitive stomach, so when choosing the street stalls be sure that the place is hygiene and the food is fresh and not exposed to the sun. Fast foods in mauritius: Another alternative is to go to one of the many fast food joints which can be found in every town and in the main villages. The number of the fast food joints has increased drastically in the last few years, and today it is possible to find many international fast food chains such as: McDonalds, KFC, Burger king, Pizza Hut, next to local fast food brands. You can find fast food serving hamburgers, pizzas, Indian food, chicken, and many more. Additional rather cheap alternative to dine out is the Chinese restaurants. These restaurants can be found in all the tourist’s areas and also in the city centers. You can find there delicious Chinese and Creole food, including also alcoholic drinks at rather low prices in comparison to other restaurants. Mauritius Restaurants and hotels There are many beach restaurants, village restaurants and many modern style restaurants in the main tourist’s areas and in the city centers offering selection of specific cuisines: Italian, Chinese, French, Japanese, Mexican, Mediterranean etc, and restaurants focusing on specific food types (seafood, teak and grill, vegetarian etc). Today in the hotels and also in the tourists centers, it is possible to find a big selection of restaurants which offer an extensive range of different cuisines. : types of religious food: Food is an important part of religious observance and spiritual ritual for many faiths including Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism. The role of food in cultural practices and religious beliefs is complex and varies among individuals and communities. Mauritius is one of the rare countries that is made up of the different traditions and customs of those who have settled on this remote island during the last 400 years. The unique blend of European, Indian, Chinese, African and Arab culture is evident in all aspects of Mauritian life: there are fesitvals like chineese festivals where: eid-dul-fitr bryani is commonly cooked, during easter chocolate is mostly eaten. On ougadi a special chutney is prepared which consists 6 different tastes and each ingredient represent (sadness, happiness, anger, fear, disgust and surprise). The different tastes, symbolises the fact that life is a mixture of different experiences. Cavadee lemon juice is prepared. Agriculture in mauritius: The production of rum is common throughout the island. [citation needed] Sugar cane was first introduced on the island when the Dutch colonised it in 1638. Even then, the propensity of making rum out of sugar cane was strongly recognised. Sugar cane was mainly cultivated for the production of â€Å"arrack†, a precursor to rum. Only much later, after almost 60 years, the first proper sugar was produced. citation needed] However, it was during the French and English administration that sugar production was fully exploited, which considerably contributed to the economical development of the island. [citation needed]It was Pierre Charles Francois Harel who in 1850 initially proposed the concept of local distillation of rum in Mauritius. Agriculture today: The agricultural sector in Mauritius is very much dominated by sugar. Ever since The cultivation of sugar was introduced by the Dutch in the 17th century, sugar and agriculture have been the backbone of the economy. Even today, in spite of tremendous efforts in industrialising and diversifying the economy, sugar remains an essential component. Though in terms of foreign earnings, it has been overtaken by both the export of wearing apparel and tourism, in terms of plus value and employment it is of the greatest importance. The importance of sugar and other agricultural activities to the island can be gauged by the simple fact that around 45% of the island is covered with sugarcane fields and about 4% is for other diverse agricultural activities. In the 60’s there were about 25 sugar factories, by 1990 it had dropped to 19, in 1995 there were 17 left and in 2001 there were only 16 still operating. But today it has been centralised. That is there is only four sugar factories;one in the north south east and west on the island. The vegetable crops that produced in Mauritius are , maize, onion, garlic, potato, tomatoes, carrots,chiles, green leafy vegetables, egg plants. There are also herbs like thym, mint, parsely and corriander. the local fruits that are produced are pineapple, letchis, mangoes, papaya, goyavas . hese fuits and vegetable are mostly sold freshly in the market but those that are sold in the hypermarket maynot be fresh at times. Some people in mauritius prefer growing vegetables for their own consuption and this can help them to save and also assure them that the vegetables are fresh. The factors that affect the crops is mostly the weather. The fruits and vegetable can be sold at cheaper prices if they are in season. But it become rather expensive when the crops have been badly affected by acyclone or when it is off season.

Of Mice And Men Coursework Essay

The director creates a lot of moods and suspense in the film ‘Of Mice And Men’. Gary Sinise puts all of these camera angles and colours into one to create lots of suspense and to create different atmospheres. At the start of the film the screen is black and then white writing appears on top of the black background. There is light appearing through the planks of wood that we then know is a freight train. The casts and directors names appear as light peering through the planks of wood. The peering of the light acts a luminous spotlight at a prison and as it scans the area through the planks of wood it is like a light searching for someone. Also the planks of wood act as a cell and the light is glancing through the cell. All of a sudden the camera turns to this man who is sitting in a shadow in the corner of the freight train with half of his face in the light and the other half in the shadow. This implies I think that we can see straight through his eyes and see what he is remembering that is so vibrant. After this the director takes us to a women in a red dress running across a field with bright yellow straw and blue sky and green grass. This event had happened when the man on the freight train had a flashback of a past event and because the director has made all of these colours vibrant and alive this meant that the man’s memory was very fresh and bold. At the start of the film the director creates different moods by using different types of camera angles. One of the first camera angles we see is at the start of the film on the freight train of the man’s face. The camera angle is a close-up of the man’s face. The director does this to show this through the man’s facial expression. At the start of the film there is a women running a cross a field in a bright red ripped dress. The camera stays where it is and the women runs towards the camera and this acts as if the woman is running towards us out of the screen to us for help. Also when the dogs and horses are running after the two men and trying to catch them it looks as if they are running straight out of the screen towards us. This makes us more involved and interested in the film. At the start of the film Gary Sinise creates mood and suspense by using different sound effects. He uses different sound effects so that they are bold and stand out in one particular scene so this makes the scene more interesting and has more action. At the start of the film there is a scene where there are men on horses and men with dogs chasing two men. The dogs and horses and men have sound effects because the men are breathing heavily so this makes it seem they have been running for a while to catch the two men. The dogs are barking viciously and the horses are neighing and these sound effects make the scene more enjoyable to watch and makes you feel you’re their with the dogs, horses and the men. The director Gary Sinise creates different moods and suspense by using different music. He creates moods by using slow music in one scene then in the next scene using fast music and also the volume of the music. At the start of the film where the men, horses and the dogs are chasing the two men through the fields the music starts at a slow and steady pace. Then as the dogs, men and the horses start to gain some ground on the men to try and catch them the music starts to get faster this makes suspense and whether to see if the men will ever get caught. All of a sudden the men jump into a river and hide and as the men get closer and closer to them the music gets faster and faster then all of a sudden the music stops and the horses, men and dogs go away. This scene creates a lot of suspense and tension. The director Gary Sinise creates different mood sand suspense by putting colours, sound effects, camera angles and music into one. All of these effects create different moods like tension when the dogs, horses and the men are running after the men. The camera angles like the close up and the point of view create different moods because of what the character is thinking and what their emotions are these precise times. The music creates moods and tension by using the pace of the music fast or slow or the pitch or volume of the music. In the scene where the men are being chased the music gets quicker and quicker and builds up suspense and tension because you don’t know if the men are going to be caught or not. The sound effects create moods and make the film more enjoyable to watch and the sound effects make you feel as you’re there running with the men, horses and dogs. The bright vibrant colours create moods because of what the colours are. When the women is running across the field with the red bright ripped dress the colour red represents the moods anger, frustration, embarrassment.

How to Overcome University Essay Writers Block

How to Overcome University Essay Writers Block How to Overcome University Essay Writers Block When someone experiences â€Å"writer’s block,† a creative obstruction that hinders students’ work and affects their grades, it can be frustrating. Students with approaching deadlines may feel increased anxiety as expectations and pressure gradually build. Here are common causes of writer’s block, and some suggestions to overcome it: You are tired. Both mind and body need adequate rest to function normally. When you are sleep deprived you are less likely to be in a clear state of mind, making it harder to turn your thoughts into words. You are anxious. Anxiety can be manifested by anything that is currently bothering you and causing a feeling of unease. Whether it’s the date of submission or the task of reciting an essay in front of the class, anxiety can be a distracting factor that can affect your state of mind as you try to work. You are distracted. Notifications from phone apps, social media, news, and favourite TV shows may prevent you from working. You feel pressure. Both external (deadlines, expectations, and requirements) and internal pressures (mental stress and problems with concentration) may be a factor in how you handle expectations. You doubt yourself. You may start to beat yourself up before you begin working by deciding your work isn’t good enough or that you aren’t knowledgeable about a certain topic. Excessive self-doubt can impact creativity, hindering both your potential and self-esteem. Although psychological in nature, many of these factors can also impact us physically. Mental stress can affect physical health through symptoms like headaches, sleeping problems, and fatigue. How we manage thoughts and worries can either add stress or reduce it. To overcome writer’s block, address these common factors and deal with them directly. Some solutions include: Get some rest. If you’re tired, take a short nap. People who are well-rested are energized to start working. Express what’s bothering you. Write a list of reasons you are anxious. This helps organize thoughts and clear your mind of anxiety. If you struggle with oral presentations, try practicing your speech with a friend. Stop the distractions. Mute your phone and turn off all notifications better yet, power down the phone altogether . Find a place with minimal distractions that is conducive to working, like the public library or a quiet cafe. Clear your head. Take some time from your desk and the computer by going for a walk. Blow off some steam by talking to a close friend or family member. Practice. No essay is perfect on the first draft. Even the work of professional writers requires substantial editing and proofreading. Let go of your need for perfection and work on being comfortable writing at your own pace and learning from mistakes. Many students who are writing essays can feel overwhelming amounts of pressure which can affect their creative process. Eventually, pressures can add up and cause writer’s block. Meet the common causes head on and deal with them as soon as possible. It may take time to address personal issues while dealing with academic responsibilities. To help ease pressure and save time, in Toronto and throughout Canada offers well-written academic essays and other term papers to help meet your deadlines. Our team of professional writers will help your paper make the grade.

Careers in law are open to all and the legal profession is sufficiently diverse. Discuss.

This essay will begin by summarising the history of the position of women in society, move to look to the challenges that face women and employers and finally, summarise steps that can be taken in an effort to eliminate such restraints. Women have fought a long battle against subordination. As late as the twentieth century, in England and Wales, women remained legally subordinate to men. In other cultures, this position remains in practice today. In England and Wales, coverture referred to the rights of women being subsumed by those of her husband through common law marriage. This legal doctrine left women without an identity and gave her husband control of her, her property and the custody of her children. Marital rape was not outlawed until R v R came before the House of Lords in 1992. Society saw women merely as objects of their husbands. It was not acceptable for women to study medicine or law or to engage in politics. Liberal ideals were quashed by the belief that women were irrational, temperamentally unfit to deal with such subjects and their place was in the home being a subservient wife and maternal parent. During the war effort, in particular, women proved that they were capable of holding down important r oles within the workforce and society more generally, and were seen as rational and intelligent in their thinking as their male counterparts. Women were granted suffrage in 1928 through the Equal Franchise Act and have since broken down the barriers into almost all professions. Despite, in theory, women having the ability to do everything a man can do, challenges remain that make it difficult to suggest that men and women are truly equal. Both society and the legal profession now support women embarking on careers within the industry. By 2008-9, 60% of all new admissions to the Roll were women and 52% of those called to the Bar in the same year were women. The Bar society indicated that in 2009, 34% of barristers were women. These figures demonstrate that women now make up over a third of all barristers, however, barristers are usually well educated and often from high socioeconomic standing, so this figure does not fully represent whether the legal profession is diverse for the average woman. Statistical evidence also proves that women still struggle to be appointed to the highest positions within the legal profession. Few women are promoted to Queen’s Counsel and the first woman to sit within the House of Lords was only appointed to this position in 2003. Women are traditionally paid lower than men. The Equal Pay Act 1970 has attempted to solve the disparity between the male and female pay gap, however, it is not uncommon for a case of this nature to arise. Recently, an employee sued her employer, Lewis Silkin, on the grounds that she was being paid lower than a male counterpart. Arguments suggest that due to the more emotional, sensitive and maternalistic nature of women in comparison to men, often women opt to specialise in different areas of law, such as family or personal injury law rather than male dominated specialisms, such as corporate or banking law. Family and personal injury law are also often less high-profile and do not hinge on lucrative deals so the specialisms are often not as well paid. To dismiss a woman for falling pregnant and wanting maternity leave is unfair dismissal. Pregnancy does, however, play an important role in this debate. Most employers would assume that a young woman will take a break to have a baby in the future and the fact that having a child is traditionally less disruptive to the work life of a man, it makes the male counterpart a cheaper and safer option in the long-term. A break in work is seen as disruptive and employers need to fill that position during the maternity leave, effectively causing the employer to pay twice for the same job to be completed. In a time when employers are facing tough economic times, having reliable staff that do not have to be replaced for extended durations appears, on face value, to be commercially viable option. Furthermore, there is a concern for the employer that childcare issues may cause disruption and lost working hours when the employee does return. Legal professionals who are self-employed, such as barris ters, can find the transition far more difficult in terms of covering their living costs and retaining clients during maternity leave and the stress of a new baby when they later return to work. In 2004, the Bar Council published policies that cover the issues of maternity, paternity and flexible working hours in an attempt to balance family life and legal practice. To actively reflect this aim, the policy has increased the time a barrister’s seat may be open rent free with Chamber’s expenses from three months to one year. In Heard and another v Sinclair Roche and Temperley (a firm) and others, it was ruled that the firm had unlawfully discriminated on the grounds of family status and combined with unlawful sex discrimination, constituted unfair treatment. This claim arose when the firm failed to promote or progress the individual. The firm had a total of 36 partners and only 6 were women. This case suggested that women are also less likely to be appointed to managerial positions, particularly if the dominating power is male. Other arguments suggest that women are more emotional than men and office politics are more present. Webley suggests that women struggle to progress in the profession for a variety of reasons including masculine office culture, the pressure of working long hours and high billing targets and dissatisfaction with commodification’s effect on work quality. In terms of the legal profession, lawyers represent the legal position of their client and to do so, must relate well and truly understand the situation of their client. If all lawyers were men, one could question whether women in society could ever be adequately represented by the legal profession. There is an argument to say that there is as much a place for women in the profession as men, as women solve problems in a different way, can be more compassionate and can balance an all-male work environment. Parliament has made attempts to allow greater access to the legal profession to minority groups by enacting legislation such as the Courts and Legal Services Act 1990. The main purpose of this enactment was to reform the legal profession after the findings of the Benson Commission in the 1970s. To the judiciary, in particular, important changes were made to appointments and pensions and significant changes were implemented towards the organisation and regulation of the legal profession. The Constitutional Reform Act 2005 later recommended that an independent body should be created to deal with the appointment of judges, which came after criticism from the Law Society regarding the old system. Such legislative and societal support towards the accessibility and diversity of the legal profession should instil a hopefulness into affected women that the profession is moving in the right direction. There have been several attempts by the profession itself to promote and encourage accessibility and diversity. The PRIME initiative saw 23 UK and Irish law firms come together to form a ground-breaking initiative to increase social mobility through a wide ranging work experience scheme. Whilst this initiative focused more on socioeconomic status rather than gender, the results suggest that real opportunities within the legal profession have been offered to those who are otherwise unlikely to have been given the opportunity. In conclusion, the legal profession is not yet sufficiently diverse. Both historical and contemporary statistics prove a bias towards men due to the maternalistic nature of women. Statistics demonstrate a trend that the profession is moving in the right direction in terms of equality, diversity and accessibility for women, however, the battle for truly equal treatment, rights and pay for both genders is an ongoing issue within the legal profession, as it is in society generally. Historically, women were refrained from having an identity and practicing within the legal profession because they were considered irrational and incapable. Whilst that perception has clearly disappeared, which is a positive shift, women still face challenges due to the physiological differences between men and women. These differences will never change and unless there is a shift in the mentality of employers’, these are likely to be challenges that remain for the duration. One could argue that the ba ttle between equality and diversity within the legal profession and commercial viability for business owners will never truly resolve. Bibliography Deborah, L. ‘Title of the article’ [2001] Women and the Legal Profession 156 Fredman, S. ‘Discrimination Law’ (New York, United States: Oxford University Press Inc, 2001) Leighton, P. ‘Discrimination and the Law’ (Camp Road, London: Short Run Press, 2004) Macdonald, L. ‘Equality, Diversity and Discrimination’ (Camp Road, London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, 2004) McColgan, A. ‘Discrimination Law’ (North, America: Hart Publishing Co, 2nd edn., 2005). Roach Anleu, S. ‘Law and Social Change’ (City Road, London: Sage Publication Limited, 2000) Sargeant, M. ‘Discrimination Law’ (Essex, England: Pearson Education Limited, 2004) Sommerland, H., Webley, D., Duff, L., Muzio, D., Tomlinson, J. ‘Diversity in the Legal Profession in England and Wales: A Qualitative Study of Barriers and Individual Choices’ Suddards, H. ‘Sex and Race Discrimination’ (Camp Road, London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, 2nd edn., 2002) Webley, L., Duff, L. ‘Women Solicitors as a Barometer for Problems within the Legal Profession: Time to Put Values before Profits?’ (2007) 34 Journal of Law and Society 374 Wilkins, D. ‘Rollin’ on the River: Race, Elite Schools, and the Equality Paradox’ (2000) 25 Law and Social Inquiry 527 Cases Heard and another v Sinclair Roche and Temperley (a firm) and others [2004] All ER (D) 432 (Jul) R v R [1992] 1 A.C. 599 Legislation Constitutional Reform Act 2005 Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 Equal Franchise Act 1928 Equal Pay Act 1970 Careers in law are open to all and the legal profession is sufficiently diverse. Discuss. This essay will begin by summarising the history of the position of women in society, move to look to the challenges that face women and employers and finally, summarise steps that can be taken in an effort to eliminate such restraints. Women have fought a long battle against subordination. As late as the twentieth century, in England and Wales, women remained legally subordinate to men. In other cultures, this position remains in practice today. In England and Wales, coverture referred to the rights of women being subsumed by those of her husband through common law marriage. This legal doctrine left women without an identity and gave her husband control of her, her property and the custody of her children. Marital rape was not outlawed until R v R came before the House of Lords in 1992. Society saw women merely as objects of their husbands. It was not acceptable for women to study medicine or law or to engage in politics. Liberal ideals were quashed by the belief that women were irrational, temperamentally unfit to deal with such subjects and their place was in the home being a subservient wife and maternal parent. During the war effort, in particular, women proved that they were capable of holding down important r oles within the workforce and society more generally, and were seen as rational and intelligent in their thinking as their male counterparts. Women were granted suffrage in 1928 through the Equal Franchise Act and have since broken down the barriers into almost all professions. Despite, in theory, women having the ability to do everything a man can do, challenges remain that make it difficult to suggest that men and women are truly equal. Both society and the legal profession now support women embarking on careers within the industry. By 2008-9, 60% of all new admissions to the Roll were women and 52% of those called to the Bar in the same year were women. The Bar society indicated that in 2009, 34% of barristers were women. These figures demonstrate that women now make up over a third of all barristers, however, barristers are usually well educated and often from high socioeconomic standing, so this figure does not fully represent whether the legal profession is diverse for the average woman. Statistical evidence also proves that women still struggle to be appointed to the highest positions within the legal profession. Few women are promoted to Queen’s Counsel and the first woman to sit within the House of Lords was only appointed to this position in 2003. Women are traditionally paid lower than men. The Equal Pay Act 1970 has attempted to solve the disparity between the male and female pay gap, however, it is not uncommon for a case of this nature to arise. Recently, an employee sued her employer, Lewis Silkin, on the grounds that she was being paid lower than a male counterpart. Arguments suggest that due to the more emotional, sensitive and maternalistic nature of women in comparison to men, often women opt to specialise in different areas of law, such as family or personal injury law rather than male dominated specialisms, such as corporate or banking law. Family and personal injury law are also often less high-profile and do not hinge on lucrative deals so the specialisms are often not as well paid. To dismiss a woman for falling pregnant and wanting maternity leave is unfair dismissal. Pregnancy does, however, play an important role in this debate. Most employers would assume that a young woman will take a break to have a baby in the future and the fact that having a child is traditionally less disruptive to the work life of a man, it makes the male counterpart a cheaper and safer option in the long-term. A break in work is seen as disruptive and employers need to fill that position during the maternity leave, effectively causing the employer to pay twice for the same job to be completed. In a time when employers are facing tough economic times, having reliable staff that do not have to be replaced for extended durations appears, on face value, to be commercially viable option. Furthermore, there is a concern for the employer that childcare issues may cause disruption and lost working hours when the employee does return. Legal professionals who are self-employed, such as barris ters, can find the transition far more difficult in terms of covering their living costs and retaining clients during maternity leave and the stress of a new baby when they later return to work. In 2004, the Bar Council published policies that cover the issues of maternity, paternity and flexible working hours in an attempt to balance family life and legal practice. To actively reflect this aim, the policy has increased the time a barrister’s seat may be open rent free with Chamber’s expenses from three months to one year. In Heard and another v Sinclair Roche and Temperley (a firm) and others, it was ruled that the firm had unlawfully discriminated on the grounds of family status and combined with unlawful sex discrimination, constituted unfair treatment. This claim arose when the firm failed to promote or progress the individual. The firm had a total of 36 partners and only 6 were women. This case suggested that women are also less likely to be appointed to managerial positions, particularly if the dominating power is male. Other arguments suggest that women are more emotional than men and office politics are more present. Webley suggests that women struggle to progress in the profession for a variety of reasons including masculine office culture, the pressure of working long hours and high billing targets and dissatisfaction with commodification’s effect on work quality. In terms of the legal profession, lawyers represent the legal position of their client and to do so, must relate well and truly understand the situation of their client. If all lawyers were men, one could question whether women in society could ever be adequately represented by the legal profession. There is an argument to say that there is as much a place for women in the profession as men, as women solve problems in a different way, can be more compassionate and can balance an all-male work environment. Parliament has made attempts to allow greater access to the legal profession to minority groups by enacting legislation such as the Courts and Legal Services Act 1990. The main purpose of this enactment was to reform the legal profession after the findings of the Benson Commission in the 1970s. To the judiciary, in particular, important changes were made to appointments and pensions and significant changes were implemented towards the organisation and regulation of the legal profession. The Constitutional Reform Act 2005 later recommended that an independent body should be created to deal with the appointment of judges, which came after criticism from the Law Society regarding the old system. Such legislative and societal support towards the accessibility and diversity of the legal profession should instil a hopefulness into affected women that the profession is moving in the right direction. There have been several attempts by the profession itself to promote and encourage accessibility and diversity. The PRIME initiative saw 23 UK and Irish law firms come together to form a ground-breaking initiative to increase social mobility through a wide ranging work experience scheme. Whilst this initiative focused more on socioeconomic status rather than gender, the results suggest that real opportunities within the legal profession have been offered to those who are otherwise unlikely to have been given the opportunity. In conclusion, the legal profession is not yet sufficiently diverse. Both historical and contemporary statistics prove a bias towards men due to the maternalistic nature of women. Statistics demonstrate a trend that the profession is moving in the right direction in terms of equality, diversity and accessibility for women, however, the battle for truly equal treatment, rights and pay for both genders is an ongoing issue within the legal profession, as it is in society generally. Historically, women were refrained from having an identity and practicing within the legal profession because they were considered irrational and incapable. Whilst that perception has clearly disappeared, which is a positive shift, women still face challenges due to the physiological differences between men and women. These differences will never change and unless there is a shift in the mentality of employers’, these are likely to be challenges that remain for the duration. One could argue that the ba ttle between equality and diversity within the legal profession and commercial viability for business owners will never truly resolve. Bibliography Deborah, L. ‘Title of the article’ [2001] Women and the Legal Profession 156 Fredman, S. ‘Discrimination Law’ (New York, United States: Oxford University Press Inc, 2001) Leighton, P. ‘Discrimination and the Law’ (Camp Road, London: Short Run Press, 2004) Macdonald, L. ‘Equality, Diversity and Discrimination’ (Camp Road, London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, 2004) McColgan, A. ‘Discrimination Law’ (North, America: Hart Publishing Co, 2nd edn., 2005). Roach Anleu, S. ‘Law and Social Change’ (City Road, London: Sage Publication Limited, 2000) Sargeant, M. ‘Discrimination Law’ (Essex, England: Pearson Education Limited, 2004) Sommerland, H., Webley, D., Duff, L., Muzio, D., Tomlinson, J. ‘Diversity in the Legal Profession in England and Wales: A Qualitative Study of Barriers and Individual Choices’ Suddards, H. ‘Sex and Race Discrimination’ (Camp Road, London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, 2nd edn., 2002) Webley, L., Duff, L. ‘Women Solicitors as a Barometer for Problems within the Legal Profession: Time to Put Values before Profits?’ (2007) 34 Journal of Law and Society 374 Wilkins, D. ‘Rollin’ on the River: Race, Elite Schools, and the Equality Paradox’ (2000) 25 Law and Social Inquiry 527 Cases Heard and another v Sinclair Roche and Temperley (a firm) and others [2004] All ER (D) 432 (Jul) R v R [1992] 1 A.C. 599 Legislation Constitutional Reform Act 2005 Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 Equal Franchise Act 1928 Equal Pay Act 1970